A review of capital structure theories 1.0 Introduction One of the most contentious financial issues that have provoked intense academic research during the last decades is the theory of capital structure. Capital structure can be defined as a ’Mix of different securities issued by a firm’ (Brealey and Myers‚ 2003). Simply speaking‚ capital structure mainly contains two elements‚ debt and equity. In 1958‚ through combining tax and debt factors in a simple model to price the value of a company‚
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MANPOWER PLANNING IN INDIAN RAILWAYS Introduction Manpower planning is a process which aims to have the right number of staff at right places with right type of skills at right times to enable the organisation to achieve its short term and long term goals. In other words‚ manpower planning is the system‚ which ensures the manpower availability at a given point of time.Manpower recruitment is related to matching the personal qualities of employees with the job requirements. Objectives of mpp 1)
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INTRODUCTION: ~ Capital market is the market for leading and borrowing of medium and long term funds. ~ The demand for long-term funds comes from industry‚ trade‚ agriculture and government (central and state). ~ The supply for funds comes from individual savers‚ corporate savings‚ banks‚ insurance companies‚ specialized financial institutions and government. *SIGNIFICANCE: ~ A sound and efficient capital market is extremely vital for the economic development of a nation. ~ So‚ the significance
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Cost of Capital Definition: cost of capital is the rate of return that a company must earn on its project investments to maintain its market value and attract funds. The cost of capital to a company is the minimum rate of return that is must earn on its investments in order to satisfy the various categories of investors‚ who have made investments in the form of shares ‚ debentures and loans. The cost of capital in operational terms refers to the discount rate that would be used in determining the
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Capital Budgeting Part I PV= FV / (1+i)^y PV= present value‚ FV= future value‚ i= discount rate‚ and y= time. 1a) If the discount rate is 0%‚ what is the projects net present value? Year Cash Flow Discount Rate Discounted Cash Flow 0 -$400‚000 0% -$400‚000 1 $100‚000 0% $100‚000 2 $120‚000 0% $120‚000 3 $850‚000 0% $850‚000 Answer: The projects net present value is $670‚000 If the discount rate is 2%‚ what is the
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What is a partial human chimera? Give some examples of partially human chimeras that have already been developed to replicate human tissue for medical purposes. Partially human chimeras are organisms containing a mixture of different genetic tissues (1). Genetics chimeras are created by use of biotechnology (2) and are used to grow human organs that can be used for transplants. Examples of chimeras that can replicate human tissue are rats that have human kidneys‚ taken from aborted fetuses‚ implanted
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Management of working capital has profitability and liquidity implications. That is why; working capital proposes a familiar front for profitability and short-term liquidity management. To reach optimal working capital management firm manager should control the trade off between profitability and short-term liquidity accurately. An optimal working capital management is expected to contribute positively to the creation of firm value. The crucial part in managing working capital is required maintaining
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Strategic Planning {What is it? How do you do it?} 2008 Table of Contents Page Content 3-4 Introduction 5 Section 1: The “What” of Strategic Planning 6 Why should departments and agencies plan strategically? 7-8 Section 2: The “How” of Strategic Planning 9-10 How do I gather data and where do I get it from? 11 Participant Selection 12 Survey/focus group question development 12-14 Core Values Development 15-17 Organizational
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Capital budgeting Capital budgeting describes the long-term longplanning for making and financing major long-term projects. long- CAPITAL BUDGETING 1. Identify potential investments. 2. Choose an investment. 3. Follow-up or “post audit.” Follow“post audit.” Net present value model Net present value model The net-present-value (NPV) method net-presentcomputes the present value of all expected future cash flows using a minimum desired rate of return. The minimum desired rate of
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leadership‚ we will explain capital structure and determine weighted average cost of capital (WACC) from the assumption provided by Mary Francis. Furthermore‚ we will show how WACC and Capital Structure can be leveraged to find out the viability of the capital project. Additionally‚ we will explain marginal cost of capital. To close‚ we will make a recommendation on the best approach to apply to project evaluation between capital structure and WACC Capital Structure Capital Structure refers to the
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