study Many researchers and authors have defined the concept of motivation. It has been defined as: * The psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner‚ 1995) * A predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific‚ unmet needs (Buford‚ Bedeian‚ & Lindner‚ 1995) * An internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins‚ 1994) * The will to achieve (Bedeian‚ 1993). Motivation is defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish
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Chapter 3 Literature Review of Sales Promotion schemes and Consumer Preference. 3.0 Promotion and Consumption 3.1 Sales promotion Schemes and Consumer Preference 3.2 Brand Equity Measurement 3.3 Sales Promotion Types and Preferences 3.4 Valence of a promotion 3.5 When Promotion is Informative 3.6 Perceived discount 3.7 Store Image 3.8 Name Brand Vs Store Brand 3.9 Change in Purchase intention due to Sales promotions 3.10 Promotion threshold 3.11 Consumer Price Formation : Reference Prices 3.12 Price
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1 MEANING OF MOTIVATION Motivation has been variously defined by scholars‚ usually one or more of these words are include in the definition: desires‚ wants‚ aims‚ goals‚ drims‚ motives and incentives. “Motivation” is a Latin word‚ meaning “to move”. Human motives are internalized goals within individuals. As Berelson and Steiver state: “A motive is an inner state that energizes‚ activates or moves and directs or channels behaviour toward goals”. Definition of motivation “According
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1) Various managerial techniques used to motivate people Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action‚ to push the right button to get a desired result. Motivation has been shown to have roots in physiological‚ behavioral‚ cognitive‚ and social areas. Various managerial techniques used to motivate people A) Monetary or financial incentives Monetary incentives are offered in terms of money. Such incentives provide more cash or
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the concepts of Motivation. Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits‚ controls‚ and sustains certain goal directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a psychological drive that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example‚ hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation has been shown to have roots in physiological‚ behavioral‚ cognitive‚ and social areas. Motivation may be rooted in
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INTRODUCTION The health promotion model (HPM) proposed by Nola J Pender (1982; revised‚ 1996) was designed to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well being. The health promotion model describes the multi dimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health. The model focuses on following three
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MOTIVATION Concept of Motivation: Motivation is a psychological concept which acts as a force that propels a person to act or not to act in a certain way. Robert D. Irwin defines motivation as “Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish a desired goal”. A manager needs to coordinate several factors of production and these factors can be classified into non human and human factors. The efficiency of non human factors such as material‚ machine‚ etc depends on the technology
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Motivation Motivation Definition Motivation can be defined as the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.11 Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. The effort has to be channelled in a direction that benefits the organization. Persistence is a measure of how long people can maintain their effort. There are two major categories of motivation theories (1) Content theories and (2) Process theories. Content
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employees. Managers should understand how to motivate their employees‚ consequently improving productivity rates and employee wellbeing. There are a small range rewards and outcomes that have the capability of satisfying more than one need. For example promotion‚ bonuses and benefits which can be applied to all levels of Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs (Mullins‚ 2010). However “job satisfaction does not necessarily lead to improved work performance” (Mullins‚ 2010‚ p.263)‚ therefore all needs should be
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employees’ leadermember exchanges‚ psychological need satisfaction (i.e.‚ satisfaction of autonomy‚ competence‚ and relatedness needs)‚ autonomous motivation‚ and attitudinal outcomes. We posit that high-quality leader-member exchanges facilitate satisfaction of employees’ fundamental psychological needs‚ which‚ in turn‚ enhance autonomous motivation and outcomes. Results for 283 working professionals supported this notion. Structural equation modeling indicated that the employee’s perception of
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