acetate. Materials and Methods Apparatus 4 test tubes Test tube rack Graduated cylinder (10 mL) 150 mL beaker 250 mL beakers (2) Hot plate Thermometer Safety glasses Beaker tongs Test tube holder Reagents Methanol Methyl-2-propanol 1-pentanol 1-octanol Acetic acid Formic acid (methanoic acid) Salicylic acid Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Procedure 1. We labeled the four test tubes A to D and placed them in the test tube rack. 2. Into the appropriate test tubes
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The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and temperature of the volatile liquids. The pressure will be measured in a sealed vessel that contains different types of liquids such as methanol‚ ethanol and propanol. It will be measured several times at different temperatures. At the conclusion of this experiment‚ the heat of vaporization will be able to be calculated. Materials: To be able to complete this lab procedure‚ the materials that are needed is
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fuel for the right amount of time Measuring cylinder: I am using the measuring cylinder to measure the water making sure it is the right amount Wooden split: I am using this because it is a safe way of lighting the Bunsen burner Fuels: ethanol‚ propanol‚ butanol‚ paraffin I am using a range of fuels with different hydrocarbons because I want to see the energy of different fuels. Also this is what is available to me
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Results/CalculationsAlcohol Average Temperature Change (°C) Average Change in Mass of Burner (g) Propanol 14 0.4392 Butanol 12 0.4176 Pentanol13.95 0.4810 Hexanol12.2 0.3448 Table 4: Shows the average temperature change and the average change in mass of burner for each of the fuels. The averages were based on five trials. PropanolTheoretical Heat of Reaction: Bonds Broken Bonds Formed Type of Bond Bond Energy (KJ/mole) Number of Bonds Total (KJ/mole) Type of Bond Bond Energy (KJ/mole) Number
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combustion for the five alcohols were determined; methanol‚ ethanol‚ propanol‚ butanol‚ and pentanol. As the line of best fit in the graph suggests‚ the enthalpy of combustion increased as the sizes of the molecules increased. This was predicted in the hypothesis and proves it to be correct. As seen on the graph‚ the enthalpy of combustion increases from 140kJ/mol for methanol‚ which has the smallest molecular mass‚ to 530kJ/mol for propanol‚ which has the largest molecular mass. The enthalpy of combustion
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This did not support the hypothesis that the influence of the increasing partition coefficient would dominate over the increase in molar volume across these molecules‚ causing a decrease in hemolysis times from methanol to ethanol to propanol. Experiments have shown that the membrane permeability of short-chain alcohols‚ like the ones studied in this lab‚ has a chain-length dependency. As the length increases and the molecules gain more CH2 groups‚ the membrane permeability increases
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EXPERIMENT I Photoreduction of Benzophenone Introduction The study of chemical reactions‚ isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. The fundamental principles for understanding photochemical transformations are that light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place‚ and that for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system only one molecule is activated for
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Analysis of Alcohols‚ Aldehydes and Ketones Karl Wayne Mancao‚ Raphaell Mordeno‚ Andres Pastrana III*‚ and Shannen Peñaverde Department of Biology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The proponents have done several tests for identifying alcohols‚ aldehydes and ketones. These tests are Dichromate test‚ Tollens test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and Iodoform test. Three samples got positive result in dichromate test and one in Tollens test. Lucas test got one sample that has
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Therefore‚ SN1 reactions desire tertiary substrates most‚ followed by secondary‚ and lastly primary. Because the strength of the nucleophile is unimportant‚ an ionizing solvent is needed. Water is the best solvent‚ followed by methanol‚ ethanol‚ propanol‚ and lastly acetone. In experiment two‚ the tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane was the most favored reactant followed by the secondary
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I am going to investigate the enthalpy change of combustion for the alcohol homologous series. I will investigate how alcohols with increasing number of carbons affect the enthalpy change when an alcohol goes under combustion. The energy that alcohols release when being used is called the enthalpy change of combustion. This is defined as "Standard enthalpy change of combustion‚ is the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance burns completely in oxygen under standard conditions (298K‚ 100 KPa
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