Stiftung May 2008 Addis Ababa Table of Contents Page List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Executive Summary iv v v vi 1. Introduction 1 2. Challenges and Opportunities of South-South Trade 2.1 Configuration of the current international trade integration 2.2 Policy initiated South-South trade integration 2.3 Opportunities and Challenges of trade Integration in East Africa 2 2 3 6 3. Economic Structure and Market Networks 3.1 Economic structure 3.2 Potential market size 3.3 Creating market
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Ninad J Panchakshari Mcom. FCA‚ Nashik What is Tax Planning? Tax planning is an essential part of your financial planning. Efficient tax planning enables you to reduce your tax liability to the minimum. This is done by legitimately taking advantage of all tax exemptions‚ deductions rebates and allowances while ensuring that your investments are in line with your long-term goals. However in a broader sense tax planning is not to save the tax for current financial year but also make an effective
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Finance Department of Revenue (Tax Research Unit) *** V. K. Garg Joint Secretary (Tax Research Unit) Telephone No. 011-23093027 Fax No. 011-23093037 E-mail: garg.vk@nic.in D. O. F. No 334/1/2012-TRU New Delhi‚ dated 16th March‚ 2012. Dear Sir/Madam‚ Subject: Union Budget 2012: Changes in Service Tax-reg. It is said that in matters relating to taxes‚ questions rarely change‚ but the answers do. Budget 2012 has‚ however‚ changed a number of questions relating to service tax. 2. No more will the most often-asked
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government losing money from tax avoidance. The BBC reported that some multinational companies use tax avoidance strategy to decrease the tax. It seems like these companies are lack of corporate social responsibility. However‚ tax avoidance does not equal to tax evasion. Some individuals assert that the government should publish a new policy to stop tax avoidance. While many others argue that it is blameless economic activity in the economic market to reduce the tax. Personally‚ I am in favor of
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by the amount of the tax. There are two types of indirect taxes: 1) a specific tax : this is a fixed amount of tax per unit imposed upon a product and 2) an ad valorem tax: this is where the tax is a percentage of the selling price. When an indirect tax is imposed on a product it affects both consumers and producers. Part of the tax is paid by consumers and another part is paid by producers. The tax burden is shared between the two. The burden of a tax is referred to as tax incidence. The allocation
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ImRetiree Preference is towards 3% tax on retail sales. The ratio of tax distribution is most equitable in retail tax. I believe that every individual is responsible for contributing to the nation’s tax revenue despite age‚ but I believe that retirees should have the least contribution as they have already paid their dues to society from all the years they have previously worked. With this in mind‚ the retail tax is the fairest solution due to it being the most equal in distribution. Each group
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OFFICE ADMINISTRATION Assessment 1 Outcome 3 Katarzyna Majewska Methods of communication with customers Their might be many methods used by companies to communicate with the customer‚ like for example: Email Electronic mail‚ sometimes called email‚ is a computer based method of sending messages from one computer user to another. These messages usually consist of individual pieces of text which you can send to another computer user even if the other user is not logged in. The message can then
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marginal tax rate is the rate of tax he/she pays on the last dollar of income earned assuming there is nothing else affecting the individual. In this question‚ Sandra has no dependants or other sources of income so there is nothing else affecting her. An effective marginal tax rate of 40% applies to Sandra. This includes the top tax rate of 30% applicable to taxable income of $56‚000 and the student loan standard rate of 10%. (A) - The 30% rate would be Sandra’s base marginal tax rate without
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Civil Aviation in Nigeria is a child of very humble beginnings‚ a spin-off of the British Colonial rule. But above all else‚ it is a product of a mere accident of history dating back to 1925 in the unlikeliest of places - the ancient‚ walled city of Kano. Sometime in July of that year the Northern city was gripped by a tense stand-off between the residents and the colonial government officials. The British government at the time was maintaining an active Royal Air Force (RAF) base in Khartoum‚
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Anthony Cunningham Microeconomics Mr. G. E. Fitzgerald October 17‚ 2012 Tax Elasticity and Tax Policy No matter what‚ taxes matter. People talk about them‚ complain about them‚ and try to dodge them when they can. Businesses also react to taxes‚ both in how they organize their activities and‚ perhaps‚ in where they carry them out. How people and businesses react in turn affects the level and structure of taxation. The purpose of taxation is to raise revenue to pay for public goods‚ but
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