Introduction: Proteins are polymers that are made up of smaller units/monomers called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids‚ thus make up many different combinations in types‚ numbers of amino acids as well as their orders – an explanantion for why there are so many proteins. Every protein‚ due to various reactions of amino acids to each other‚ have its own three dimensional structures and therefore‚ function (Reece JB and others 2011). Proteins are fundamental substance
Premium PH Enzyme Acid
Name the 4 main Organic Molecules in Biochemistry. Describe each one‚ and provide an example. What are the “building blocks” of each molecule? For example‚ protein = Amino Acid. • Proteins - monomers are amino acids and proteins are used for various reasons in cell such as structure‚ defense‚ modification. An example of a protein is hemoglobin that red blood cells used to carry oxygen. • Carbohydrates - monomers are monosaccarides with the general formula of CH20. Carbohydrates can
Free DNA Protein Cell
What is the minimum you need to know about proteins 1. Made of long strings of amino acids 2. 20 amino acids all with different properties‚ hydrophobic‚ hydrophyllic polar‚ and hydrophyllic charged (+) and (-) 3. Two amino acids (AA)are linked by dehydration synthesis 4. Primary‚ secondary‚ tertiary and quaternary structures 5. Proteins can be enzymes‚ cell signals‚ structural or hormones 6. A protein has direction‚ the first is the N terminus where you find an amino group. The last is the
Free DNA Protein RNA
organelle it digests and breaks down lipids‚ carbs‚ and proteins. Nuclear Pore- Dots on the envelope which allows material in the and out of the nucleus. Cell Membrane- It surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It is selectively permeable which means only certain materials can cross the membrane. Nuclear Envelope- It surrounds the nucleus. Rough ER- Is involved in some protein production‚ protein folding‚ quality control‚ and despatch. It’s called Rough ER because
Premium Cell Protein Organelle
Eukaryotic cells > nucleus > bacteria > mitochondrion > viruses > ribosome > proteins > lipids > small molecules > atoms - Structure of a Bacterial Cell a. NO NUCLEUS‚ MITOCHONDRIA‚ b. ribosomes‚ nucleoid‚ Pili‚ flagella‚ cell envelope (cell wall around bacteria) - Structure of an Animal Cell (eukaryotic cell) a. Nucleus - contains genetic material b. Mitochondrion - oxidizes fuel to produce ATP! c. Ribosomes - protein synthesizing machines d. Lysosome - breaks down intracellular debris e
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
Summer Assignment – AP Biology – Chapters 2-5 Chapter 2 1. CHNOPS are the six most crucial elements in most macromolecules. Name them. Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen‚ Phosphorous‚ Sulfur. 2. Create a chart and state how many bonds each of the CHNOPS elements can form. Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Phosphorous | Sulfur | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 or 5 | 2 | 3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds‚ nonpolar covalent bonds‚ and ionic bonds.
Premium Oxygen Carbon Molecule
flexible and can produce a wide variety of proteins. • Crop plants can synthesize a wide variety of proteins that are free of mammalian toxins and pathogens. • Crop plants produce large amounts of biomass at low cost and require limited facilities. • Crops are therefore well suited for the production of safe low-cost therapeutic proteins. HOW IS IT DONE? • Genetic enhancement is used to introduce and express genes coding for the high value proteins. PRODUCTION OF BRYODIN IN TOBACCO PLANT
Premium Cell Gene Endoplasmic reticulum
Biology 4U Exam Review Intro to Biochemistry Types of bonding: Ionic Results from the attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules. They must lose or gain electrons to become charged. For example‚ a sodium molecule and a chlorine molecule form an ionic bond to create sodium chloride (NaCl) Covalent Results from the sharing of one or more pairs of valence electrons to create a stable molecule. For example‚ the covalent bonding of hydrogen ions creates hydrogen gas (H2)
Free Protein DNA Cell
consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom. • Macromolecule: a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules‚ usually by a dehydration reaction. Polysaccharides‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids are macromolecules. • Polymer: a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds. • Monomer: the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. • Condensation (dehydration)
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol‚ a phosphate group; and two fatty acids. 2. Selectively permeable (Semi): Condition or quality of allowing some‚ but not all‚ materials cross a barrier or membrane. 3. Receptor: Protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response. 4. Diffusion: Movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 5. Osmosis: Diffusion of water molecules
Free DNA Protein Cell