B I O L O G Y 130 INTRODUCTORY CELL BIOLOGY LECTURE NOTES Department of Biology University of Waterloo Fall‚ 2012 BIOL 130 LECTURE NOTES Fall‚ 2012 a Lecture Notes This booklet contains the notes that will be presented as part of the online modules. For copyright reasons‚ the figures that will be shown along with the notes cannot be reproduced. However‚ most of these figures come from the required course text‚ Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments‚ 6th edition
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Chapter 1 Section 1 Anatomy-Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts Gross Anatomy -involves the examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye Microscopic Anatomy-deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification Physiology-the study of function and considers the functions of the human body Anatomy and physiology are closely interrelated Theroretically Practically Anatomical
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Proteins are arguably the most important things that people know the least about. As OpenStax CNX puts it‚ “Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules”. Proteins are “Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen”(Miller‚ Kenneth R.‚ and Joseph S. Levine 48). Macromolecules are exceedingly large molecules that can be made up of several lesser molecules called proteins.
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Background: Lipid and protein composition varies in tissue types. Results: When comparing liver‚ muscle‚ and adipose tissue‚ adipose tissue had the highest percent lipid and liver tissue had the highest percent protein. Conclusion: Based on analysis of the gels‚ the liver appeared to have the most variety in proteins when comparing liver‚ muscle‚ and adipose tissue. Significance: In order to determine the composition of a tissue‚ specific macromolecules can be extracted‚ quantified‚ and analyzed
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figure 2. The volume of protein decreased in each stage from 45ml to 6ml. After the isolation of the AP‚ two assays were done. First‚ Bradford assay was prepared. According to figure 3‚ “A” row from
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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids bind together to form polypeptide chains‚ and these polypeptides fold and coil together into specific conformations to form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids‚ each amino acid consisting of four distinct partners. The first is a carboxyl group. A carboxyl group has very weak acids that are able to donate hydrogen ions to biological reactions. The second partner is the amino acid group. Amino acid groups act as the base which‚
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apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Cell membrane Cell membrane is a thin‚ elastically‚ living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which are called phospholipids bilayer. The outer side of each layers is hydrophobic (water hating) while the inward facing lipid chain that touch the water are hydrophilic (water-loving). Phospholipids act as building blocks
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Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Nucleic Acids. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. It provides energy for the body‚ especially the brain and the nervous system. The food sources are in sugar and grains. Lipids Lipids are made up of hydrogen‚ carbon and oxygen. It provides Energy storage‚ acting as structural components of cell membranes‚ and hormone production. The food sources are in fatty acids‚ dairy‚ and trygycerols. Proteins Proteins are
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Lipids and Phospholipids The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The head which is hydrophilic contains a group of phosphate‚ a diglyceride and a simple molecule e.g. choline. The tail is hydrophobic and is made up of fatty acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The
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Abstract- Due to increase in the incidences of drug resistant pathogens‚ there is a need for the development of alternative drugs against which the microorganisms will not be able to develop resistance. The most promising candidates to be developed as alternative drugs are the antimicrobial peptides. In the present study the antimicrobial peptide Microcin C7 was docked with the catalytic domain of Diphtheria toxin and further the simulational studies were performed to find the stability of the complex
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