membrane A defining feature of biological membranes is the presence of which of the following? A lipid bilayer Order the following substances according to how easily they can cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins. List the substances that cross most easily first. Nonpolar molecules Polar molecules Ions Match each organism with the strategy it uses to maintain osmotic balance. Oak tree Surround the cells with a rigid wall that can withstand the pressure
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Compounds That Compose the Human Body There are five major groups of compounds that compose the human body. They are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ nucleotides‚ and water. These are all very important to humans and without them we would not be able to survive. They have many functions that encourage a human cell and a human body to function. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches‚ contain carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen which appears in a ratio of 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are classified
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eukaryotic proteins in prokaryotic cells occasionally results in instability or lack of biological activity. What are three of the post-translational modifications that eukaryotic cells can carry out that prokaryotic cells cannot? a) b) c) Correct disulfide bond formation Proteolytic cleavage of inactive precursor See Fig 7.1 p241 for cleavage of preproinsulin Glycosylation - addition of sugar residues See Fig 7.2‚ 7.3 p. 242‚243 in text Modification of amino acids in protein Phosphorylation
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-othapy denotes a disease or disorder. A proteinopathy is any disease caused by a malformed protein. 2. Where are tau proteins found? What do they do here? Tau proteins are found inside of nerve cells. Tau proteins perform the function of stabilizing microtubules. 3. What is an isoform? How many tau isoforms are there in the brain? An isoform is a protein that has the same function as another protein but is encoded by a different gene and may have small differences in its sequence. There are
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ABCT 1101/ABCT1D04 Introductory Life Science INTRODUCTORY LIFE SCIENCE At our 3rd lecture‚ we want to discuss • The building blocks of biological organisms – Carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids and nucleic acids • Cell structure and function – Cell membrane‚ ER‚ Golgi‚ cytoskeleton‚ nucleus – Plant cell vs. animal cell Simple Chemistry for Life Science • Each element consists of one kind of atom. – An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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com/od/geneticsglossary/g/DNA.htm"DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Viruses are extremely small‚ approximately 15 - 25 nanometers in diameter. Viruses: Genetic Material Viruses may have double-stranded DNA‚ double-stranded RNA‚ single-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA. The type of genetic material found in a particular virus depends on the nature and function of the specific virus. The genetic material is not typically exposed but covered by a protein coat . The viral genome can consist of a
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proximity. An example would be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached proteins‚ the target cell does something in response to direct contact from the signaling cell. 2) List examples of 1) steroid hormones and 2) amino acid derivatives that act as ligands. What are the catecholamines‚ and which amino acid are
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genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. The role of RNA in protein synthesis is extremely important as protein synthesis could not occur without RNA. Three forms of RNA exist solely to create proteins. Through a process known as translation‚ RNA constructs the proteins necessary to sustain life. Spliceosomes Process pre-mRNA by splicing out intronic nucleic acids producing mRNA which is then translated to protein in ribosomes. Codons are three
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Messenger RNA is the “mirror image” of the DNA that encodes the amino acid sequence for the protein specified by the gene. The Transfer RNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes from coded messages. Ribosomal RNA helps build the proteins on the ribosome. d. The reason that so many RNA molecules are produced more than DNA molecules because you only have two copies of DNA in one cell. If only two proteins could be produced at a time it would take the cell a much longer time to do the functions
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Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances. Hypothesis: Honey will contain sugars‚ egg white contains proteins‚ corn oil contains lipids‚ oats contains starches and proteins‚ gelatin contains sugars and proteins‚ potatoes contain starch‚ and apple juice contains lipids and sugars. Materials: 9 test tubes Test tube rack Test tube holder Grease pencil Hot plate 20 ml honey solution 20 ml egg white and water mixture 20
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