A pump is a protein that hydrolyses ATP in order to transport a particular solute through a membrane in order to generate an electrochemical gradient to confer certain membrane potential characteristics on it. This gradient is of interest as an indicator of the state of the cell through parameters such as the Nernst potential. In terms of membrane transport the gradient is of interest as it contributes to increased system entropy in the co-transport of substances against their gradient. One of the
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action‚ DNA replication and protein synthesis 2. The different ways in which organisms use ATP OR ATP and its roles in living organisms The nature/structure of ATP and its importance as energy currency. Production and use of ATP in cytoplasm by glycolysis Production of ATP by mitochondria in Krebs cycle and ETS – aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration. Role of chloroplasts in ATP production via light independent reaction Uses e.g. Active transport (carrier protein shape changes)‚ Nerve action
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EXERCISE 3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE CELL ACTIVITY SHEET BROWNIAN MOVEMENT: 1. What is Brownian movement? - 2. Is there a difference in the speed of movement among the different sized particles of India ink? If so‚ explain the difference. - 3. Is there a difference in the speed of movement of the India ink particles in hot and cool slides? If so‚ explain. - DISPERSION SYSTEMS IN PROTOPLASM 4. DEFINE THE FF: a. Solute: The dissolve matter in a solution; The
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Mutation in Trafficking Protein Particle Complex 9 (TRAPPC9) is linked to moderate to severe forms of NonSyndromic Autosomal Recessive Mental Retardation (NS-ARMRA)‚ a disease which affects mostly patients of Middle-Eastern descent. Patients afflicted by TRAPPC9 mutations exhibit secondary phenotypes associated with musculoskeletal defects. TRAPPC9 is a protein subunit of Transport Protein Particle II318‚ which is localized at the ER exit sites.424 TRAPPC9 is required for protein trafficking that recycle
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Enzymes are found in all living cells as part of their protein constitution‚ which means that they are made of chains of amino acids bound together. These molecules provide energy for the organisms by catalyzing various biochemical reactions. Most of these chemical reactions would not take place in the conditions available if the enzymes were not a present. Therefore‚ we can say that being involved as catalysts is the main and most important role of an enzyme in any organism. Furthermore‚ many reactions
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The Efficacy‚ Safety and Benefits of Bovine Somatotropin and Porcine Somatotropin Prepared for the American Council on Science and Health by Terry D. Etherton‚ Ph.D. Professor of Animal Nutrition and Physiology in the Department of Dairy and Animal Science at The Pennsylvania State University ACSH Publications Editor: Andrea Golaine Case‚ M.S. Please Note: For the web site version of this report‚ tables are provided but diagrams are not. Executive Summary As the world’s population grows
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Ch. 51- FAP: sequence of behaviors that are usually carried through to completion. Habituation:loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli. Associative learning: associating one stimulus with another. Class. Conditioning: association of an irrelevant stimulus with a fixed physiological response. Cognition: animal’s ability to perceive‚ store‚ process‚ and use info. from its sensory receptors. Agonistic behavior: contest to determine which competitor gains access to a resource. Ch. 54- Nitrogen fixation:
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since they lack chlorophyll and many polypeptides needed for light harvesting. But once they have been exposed to light‚ over time‚ reorganization of the plastid membranes occur and all the required enzymes and proteins needed for photosynthesis appear. So undetectable levels of these proteins suddenly appear and become the most abundant in leaves with the presence of light. The increase of these enzymes are due to increased levels of their corresponding mRNA. Here’s a funny picture of a plant getting
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material can move through the plasma membrane but water soluble substance are unable to pass and therefore protein ion channels are required to monitor the inward and outward movement of these substances. This bilayer that surrounds the cell can be described as a fluid mosaic model‚ fluid because the molecules are still able to move allowing the cell to have a flexible shape and mosaic because the proteins embedded in the membrane are all different sizes shapes and pattern. The nucleus is the most prominent
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Cell membrane has proteins (recognize chem sig) floating in lipids and controls active transport‚ recog of chem mess and protection.Damage to cm can disrupt water balance and a cm cant protect cell from all toxins Simple diffusion co2 and h2o can pass cm is selectively permeable maintain homeostatis In a single celled organism cell membrane acts as a lung and does active transport and diffusion. When protein carb and fat are completely digested they will be soluble enough to pass cm Molec b can
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