evolved from prokaryotes SIMILARITIES building blocks carbon compounds amino acids‚ nucleotides‚ fatty acids‚ monosaccharides Functioning units proteins‚ nucleic acids‚ lipids‚ carbohydrates information storage info expression DNA‚ use the same language‚ genes RNA‚ information transfer‚ same language Protein prduction Proteins are made the same way - by the ribosome metabolism use many of the same biochemical pathways Cellular boundary plasma membrane Cell wall ridgidity‚ cellular
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Helical polymer of actin protein; two protofilaments. Smallest cytoskeleton diameter (3-6nm) structure Thinner‚ shorter‚ more flexible than microtubes. One basic 7subunit‚ globular actin. Structurally polar. Have fast reaction to stimuli. What super structures do they form? 1.Microvilli; structure of microfilaments lining the edge of cell 2.Stress fibers; antiparallel of actin bundles‚ contractile forces‚ wound healing ect. 3.Lamellipodia; sheet lik1.Nucleating proteins; Arp2/3 ce projections
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cells like plants and animals are. Also a virus does not have a cell membrane as many living cells do. They can’t grow on their own or undergo division. A virus is so small that they can only be seen with an electron microscope. They consist of a protein coat‚ which contains either DNA or RNA‚ and are not made up of cells. Therefore‚ a virus is not alive in the form of independent living. A virus can’t reproduce on its own. It requires a living host cell to reproduce because without it viruses act
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these functions‚ and in each case‚ anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells as well as to proteins in the extracellular matrix. ANCHORING JUNCTIONS Three types of anchoring junctions are observed‚ and differ from one another in the cytoskeletal protein anchor as well as the transmembrane linker protein that extends through the membrane: | JUNCTION
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sequence. Valid only for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Protein Sequencing vs. DNA sequencing * We compare protein sequences‚ not DNA‚ because protein is more conserved in evolution than DNA * The organism’s survival depends on the protein being functional‚ which means having the proper amino acids sequence * Since the genetic code is degenerate‚ many different DNA sequences will give identical proteins. * The protein 3-dimensional structure is even more conserved‚ because
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cells the plasma membrane has two primary functions: it serves as a selective barrier to molecules that are penetrating the cell wall allowing water and oxygen to flow easily into the cell but restricting other proteins from entering; secondly‚ the plasma membrane contains enzymes proteins that cause chemical reactions to occur that are vital to the life functions of the cell. Bacteria can
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composed of a phospholipid‚ proteins and carbohydrates. The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophilic ends facing out and the hydrophobic ends facing the inside of bilayer. Membranes can contain phospholipids with different fatty acids which affects the strength and flexibility of the membrane. There are two different proteins in cell membranes. One is a protein that spans from one side of the membrane to the other‚ known as an integral protein. Integral proteins are usually involved
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botanist regarding the daisy-like plants she had found. The botanist told the investigating agent that the daisies might represent different species. Specifically‚ the agent was advised that the size of the “compositase” protein could be a clue to the identity of the plants. Proteins from all three
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(PTS2). In a normal cell‚ the Pex7p receptor has a PTS2 receptor region that recognizes and binds the PTS2 of the localized protein in the cytosol‚ necessary for transport into the peroxisome (Braverman et al. 1993). Pex7p receptor works in conjunction with Pex5p receptor‚ which equivalently recognizes peroxisome-targeting signal 1 (PTS1) on the C-terminal domain of proteins. Once the mobile cytosolic import
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gap in-between which because it resembles a channel and shows the passage way of the protein. (D) Carrier Protein – facilitated diffusion of glucose. The carrier protein transports large molecules like amino acids and glucose from high concentration to low concentration. We used modeling clay with a large gap to show the large molecules are transported between through the carrier protein. (E) Receptor Protein and Signal Molecule-**Functional** These items allow cell to communicate with other cells
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