Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids bind together to form polypeptide chains‚ and these polypeptides fold and coil together into specific conformations to form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids‚ each amino acid consisting of four distinct partners. The first is a carboxyl group. A carboxyl group has very weak acids that are able to donate hydrogen ions to biological reactions. The second partner is the amino acid group. Amino acid groups act as the base which‚
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apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Cell membrane Cell membrane is a thin‚ elastically‚ living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which are called phospholipids bilayer. The outer side of each layers is hydrophobic (water hating) while the inward facing lipid chain that touch the water are hydrophilic (water-loving). Phospholipids act as building blocks
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Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Nucleic Acids. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. It provides energy for the body‚ especially the brain and the nervous system. The food sources are in sugar and grains. Lipids Lipids are made up of hydrogen‚ carbon and oxygen. It provides Energy storage‚ acting as structural components of cell membranes‚ and hormone production. The food sources are in fatty acids‚ dairy‚ and trygycerols. Proteins Proteins are
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Lipids and Phospholipids The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The head which is hydrophilic contains a group of phosphate‚ a diglyceride and a simple molecule e.g. choline. The tail is hydrophobic and is made up of fatty acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The
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Abstract- Due to increase in the incidences of drug resistant pathogens‚ there is a need for the development of alternative drugs against which the microorganisms will not be able to develop resistance. The most promising candidates to be developed as alternative drugs are the antimicrobial peptides. In the present study the antimicrobial peptide Microcin C7 was docked with the catalytic domain of Diphtheria toxin and further the simulational studies were performed to find the stability of the complex
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for the cell to function. Nucleus. This is the largest organelle. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope‚ which is a double membrane with nuclear pores - large holes containing proteins that control the exit of substances such as RNA from the nucleus. The interior is called the nucleoplasm‚ which is full of chromatin- a DNA/protein complex containing the genes. During cell division the chromatin becomes condensed into discrete observable chromosomes. The nucleolus is a dark region of chromatin‚ involved
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transport protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. In order to function most efficiently‚ haemoglobin needs to bind to oxygen tightly when the oxygen concentration is high in the lungs and be able to release oxygen rapidly in the relatively low partial pressure in the tissues. I will be comparing the structure and function of haemoglobin with the structure and function of collagen‚ which is a structural protein. Collagen’s
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THEORY OF PRE - DETERMINATION 1. One day‚ you feel as if you are going to meet someone. Fortunately‚ you meet that person on the same day. But my question is‚ “How did you feel that you will meet that person that day?” 2. Few incidents in our life happen accidentally‚ but you will feel as if the same incident has happened already‚ but you won’t be able to remember when exactly it happened! My question is‚ “Was that feeling real?” A solution to all such questions is this “THEORY OF PRE-DETERMINATION”
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Biology Final Review Chapter 1 Biology unifies much of natural science * Living systems: most complex chemical systems on Earth * Constrained by properties of chemistry and physics * Science is becoming more interdisciplinary (combining multiple fields) 7 characteristics of all living organisms 1. Composed of cells 2. Complex and ordered 3. Respond to their environment 4. Can grow‚ develop‚ and reproduce 5. Obtain and use energy 6. Maintain internal balance
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of ammonium sulfate was performed to precipitate out LDH and other proteins. Components such as nucleic acids and sugars‚ which are more soluble‚ remained in the supernatant. In this step 0.13g of ammonium sulfate salt was slowly added per each ml of the 40% supernatant as the solution was stirring. Enzyme assay and protein assay were performed. The results indicated 4600±100 unit enzyme activity concentration and 75±2 mg of protein in the 60% pellet (Raw Data tables 1-A‚2). The enzyme assay was performed
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