immortal and comes in part from special cellular components called germ granules. Germ granules are small masses of proteins and RNA that are found just outside the nucleus of germ cells (Updike and Strome‚ 2010). It is thought that these germ granules influence the totipotency and identity of germ cells. (Hanazawa et al.‚ 2011) Here we address whether the depletion of ribosomal protein and translation factors (RPTFs) during early developmental stages result in the expression of germ granules in the
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Cell membranes are a bilayer make up of phospholipids‚ proteins‚ and cholesterol. Its main function is to regulate what comes in and out of the cell by means of diffusion‚ transport proteins and protein channels. Trans membrane proteins transport polar solutes across hydrophobic regions of the bilayer. Diffusion occurs when solutes are transferred from a high concentration of that solute to a lower concentration of solutes. Solutes do not depend on the concentration of other solutes‚ which allows
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Introduction Zoonotic intestinal parasites are prevalent around the world. One of the most common and studied is transmitted by the microscopic protozoan‚ Giardia intestinalis‚ also known as G. lamblia and G. duodenalis (Ivanov‚ 2010). This eukaryotic parasite is responsible for the transmission of the most common waterborne disease‚ giardiasis‚ which causes watery diarrhea‚ vomiting‚ and has even been linked to irritable bowl syndrome (Ankarklev et. al. 2010). Since its discovery in 1681‚ Giardia
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represents weak-binding state at low P02 and strongbinding state at high P02 ii. Hemes 1. The heme binds O2‚ not the protein 2. Function of protein: provides crevice – keeps heme from oxidizing a. absence of protein: ferrous atom (Fe2+) ferric state (Fe3+) b. heme buried in hydrophilic environment of protein: O2 binding does not result in oxidation 3. Heme structure a. Each polypeptide of protein is made from 8 residues 6 helices – A‚ B‚ C‚ D‚ E‚ F b. Fe2+ has 6 coordinating bonds i. 4 bonds = nitrogens
Free Hemoglobin Protein
instructions for building other molecules Living organisms gather energy and materias from their surrounding to: Build new biological molecules Grow in size Repair their parts Produce offspring All organisms are composed of the same macromolecules (proteins‚ fatty acids/lipids‚ carbs and nucleic acids) All organisms engage in metabolism Marinating internal balance in response to the environment is known as homeostasis The cell is an organized chemical system that includes many specialized molecules
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membrane? – semipermeable Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? - forming the entire glycocalyx What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? - phosphate heads of phospholipids What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? - In facilitated diffusion‚ molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Which of the following is least likely to increase the
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bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria or by stopping them dividing and growing. Some work by interfering with enzymes that are essential in the replication of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) in the bacterial cells or in protein synthesis. Some work just by blocking the sites where enzymes usually join to the substrate‚ so they can’t join on and catalyse the reaction. The parent DNA molecule unravels itself and becomes 2 individual strands that stand on either end. The two
Free DNA RNA Protein
Introduction A. Consumed for pre-workout‚ during or post workout. B. Where they are found: Different types of animal proteins we consume and different supplements on the market 2. What are BCAAs A. Examples: L-Leucine‚ Citrulline Malate‚ Beta Alanine‚ L-Isoleucine‚ L-Valine‚ and alpha-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid (HCAA) B. They are the building blocks of proteins‚ form coenzymes (coenzymes are essential for enzyme activity; enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions in the body) and
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for creating proteins that are used to group type VII collagen. Collagen is a group of protein that helps to strengthen and support connective tissues i.e. bones‚ tendons‚ ligaments and skin. Exclusively‚ VII collagen plays a fundamental part in strengthening
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transmission decreases at a steady rate‚ until it reaches pH 8 where there is a steep increase from 30% to 39% as the enzyme has reached its optimum pH at 8. During the experiment in the boiling tube this pH had the deepest red colour as the most protein gelatine was broken up. This meant that in the colorimeter when testing to see what the light transmission‚ this pH let the least light through. For this enzyme as the pH increases the percentage of light transmission decreases until it gets to pH
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