Tissue Homogenates of Bos taurusMaterials and Methods The homogenates provided were made by homogenizing tissues in a sucrose phosphate buffer in a 1:20 ratio. The protein concentration in bovine cells was measured by diluting the homogenate with a 1:5 ratio; 50 microliters of homogenate and 200 microliters of water. Then 5 known protein concentration samples which were 0.4‚ 0.8‚ 1.2‚ 1.6‚ 2.0 mg/ml of bovine serum were used to determine absorbance with a spectrophotometer. Two additional samples
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hydrophobic tails having any contact with the aqueous solution. Membranes contain phospholipids‚ proteins and carbohydrates‚ which are arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. The proteins within the membrane are responsible for most of the membranes’ properties. For example‚ on the inside surface of cell membranes‚ proteins are attached‚ involved in maintaining the cell’s shape. These could be enzymes too. Proteins on the outside surface of cell membranes can act as receptors‚ such as antigens or hormones
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failure. 1. What makes transcription important? 2. What is the purpose of proteins? 3. How would a substance that affects transcription make the liver to stop functioning? 4. Why did it take Caesar two days to die? Claudius Caesar’s Death 1. What makes transcription important? mRNA transfers the code for proteins from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm 2. What is the purpose of proteins? Proteins build cells‚ cause change in other cells‚ make enzyme to control functions
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the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e.‚ eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein‚ RNA‚ and DNA. Chromosome → a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells‚ carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Cristae → The infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion‚ which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration. Cytoplasm
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Analysis: Lab 1 Identifying Carbohydrates There were many ranges of color changes in the Benedicts test and Iodine stain. For the Benedicts test‚ this oxidation/reduction response changes the arrangement of the reducing sugar creating a colored precipitate. The change in color is correlated to the first concentration of the reducing sugar. For the iodine test‚ the three dimensional structure of various polysaccharides permits them to react with the iodine stain to produce a certain color. As far
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we have to take every day‚ therefore we would like to identify the types of macromolecules that contain in some of the food or solution in order to maintain a healthy life. There are four groups of macromolecules which are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acid. They are mostly made up of hydrogen‚ carbon‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen‚ sulphur and phosphorus. 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds that with the combination of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Carbohydrates
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synthesis of proteins. [1] They are very large molecules built from subunits called nucleotides. All nucleotides have a common structure: a phosphate group linked by a phosphodiester bond to a pentose (a five-carbon sugar molecule) that in turn is linked to an organic base. [2] Figure 1. General structure of a nucleotide One type of nucleic acid is the ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA is single-stranded used for the coding of the primary sequence of amino acids to make proteins‚ and is found
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Plasma Membrane: This organelle’s main function is to protect the cell from its surroundings‚ the membrane also regulates the movement of substances that go in and out of the cell. This is composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell Wall: The cell wall is composed of cellulose‚ this sugar is used as structure and protection. This organelle is only found in plants. The cell wall has three layers the middle lamella‚ primary cell wall‚ and secondary cell wall. The middle lamella contains
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polar * Amino (Amines): Acts as a base; can pick up an H- from the surrounding solutions (water‚ in living organisms) * Sulfhydryl (Thiois): Two sulfhydryl groups can react‚ forming a covalent bond. This “cross-linking” helps stabilize protein structure *
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through the plasma membrane because of pressure or concentration differences between the interior and exterior of the cell. Facilitated diffusion relies on carrier proteins‚ and occurs when molecules are either not lipid soluble or are too large to pass through the pores of the membrane. Solutes have to combine with the carrier proteins in the membrane‚ and then they can be transported down the concentration gradient. Filtration is the movement of solute and water molecules across a membrane due
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