Graphical Analysis of the Structure of the Ubiquitin Protein Molecule Using the VMD Computer Program Author’s Name Chemical Engineering Department‚ University of New Hampshire - Durham ABSTRACT VMD is a molecular visualization program developed by the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics group of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with the goal of displaying‚ animating‚ and analyzing large biomolecular systems using 3-D graphics and built-in scripting. Therefore‚ The VMD program
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Transcription and Translation Notes for IB Diploma Year 1 DNA is a huge information database that carries the complete set of instructions for making all the proteins a cell will ever need! Although there are only four different bases in DNA (A‚ C‚ G and T)‚ the order in which the bases occur determines the information to make a protein‚ just like the 26 letters of the alphabet combine to form words and sentences: Compare: RAT - TAR - ART - same 3 letters; completely different meanings. And
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Miriam Yanez Physics 018-01 Literature Review 25 April 2012 Biophysics and protein dynamics have shaped our lives when it comes down to advancements in medicine. In living cells‚ proteins are the main components that keep the organism running at its best with every single protein and enzyme having their own function. The discovery of DNA‚ RNA‚ and other protein synthesis became the structures of life in a new perspective in the smallest ways leading to the continuing studies to uncover more
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SUMMARIES AT END OF CHAPTERS UNIT 1 Macromolecules * Large molecules sometimes composed of a large number of repeating subunits * Four major classes: Carbohydrates (made of simple sugar/glucose)‚ Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids)‚ Proteins (Amino Acids) and Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides) * Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis: a reaction that creates a covalent bond between two interacting subunits. Removal of H from one functional group and an OH from the other‚ and the H
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mechanism that involve restricting proton entry by cytoplasmic membrane and purging of protons and their effect by cytoplasm. pH homeostatic mechanisms The cell membrane is highly impermeable to protons Membrane channel have a reduced pore size. Protein influx inhibited by chemiosmotic gradient Excess proton pumped out of the cell Cytoplasmic buffering helps to maintain the intracellular pH 1. The cell membrane is highly impermeable to protons High impermeable cell membrane to restrict proton
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Discuss the movement (of substances) inside cells Substances can travel from inside the cell out and from outside of the cell inwards across a membrane. Movement of substances also occurs inside the cell and is part of many of the processes that occur inside cells in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells as well as animal and plant cells. The movement of substances may occur across a semi-permeable membrane such as the phospholipid bilayer membrane on the outside of a cell in the digestive
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following could be observed? a. bacterial cell‚ 2000 nm in diameter b. ribosome‚ 20 nm in diameter c. virus particle‚ 15 nm in diameter d. protein molecule‚ 10 nm in diameter e. none of the above 8. A certain drug has knocked out all ribosomal function in a culture of liver cells‚ as a result: a. the cells immediately die b. proteins synthesis stops c. ATP production immediately ceases d. the cells undergo fission e. none of these 9. If your thumb is 20 mm wide and a mitochondrion
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particular the variety of cell signal transduction paradigms and the biochemistry of hormones. The structure‚ function and replication of the cell’s genetic material. This information is reviewed in a series of lectures on DNA‚ the genetic code‚ protein synthesis and aspects of molecular biology. The digestion and absorption of biomolecules is reviewed and the consequences of malfunction considered. A number of disease states are used to illustrate selected principles including the relationship
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the large (L)‚ middle (M) and small (S) envelope proteins‚ respectively (Tiollais et al.‚ 1985) . The S protein is 226 amino acids long‚ has a molecular mass of 25 kDa and shares DNA and amino acid sequence as the C-terminus of the M and L protein. The M protein has a 55-amino acid extension to the S protein at its N-terminus‚ giving it a molecular mass of 31 kDa‚ while the L protein a further 108-119-amino acid extention to the M protein at its N-terminus and a molecular mass of 43
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We have transferred two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus growth hormone cDNA constructs (opAFP-ccGH and rtMT-ccGH) driven by the ocean pout Zoarces americanus antifreeze protein promoter (opAFP) or rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss metallothionein promoter (rtMT) via electroporation to channel catfish to produce transgenic catfish by introducing additional copies of growth hormone cDNA and compered the inheritance of the GH transgenesis‚ and growth rate. Most of the DNA constructs are lost during
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