Biology Final Review Chapter 1 Biology unifies much of natural science * Living systems: most complex chemical systems on Earth * Constrained by properties of chemistry and physics * Science is becoming more interdisciplinary (combining multiple fields) 7 characteristics of all living organisms 1. Composed of cells 2. Complex and ordered 3. Respond to their environment 4. Can grow‚ develop‚ and reproduce 5. Obtain and use energy 6. Maintain internal balance
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of ammonium sulfate was performed to precipitate out LDH and other proteins. Components such as nucleic acids and sugars‚ which are more soluble‚ remained in the supernatant. In this step 0.13g of ammonium sulfate salt was slowly added per each ml of the 40% supernatant as the solution was stirring. Enzyme assay and protein assay were performed. The results indicated 4600±100 unit enzyme activity concentration and 75±2 mg of protein in the 60% pellet (Raw Data tables 1-A‚2). The enzyme assay was performed
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Name: _Leroy Johnson __________________________________ Date: ______________Comprehensive Study Guide. Test will only be Multiple choice 1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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NUR ASHIKIN BINTI MANSHOR DHM12-05112094 TUTORIAL DIGESTION SYSTEM OF CARBOHYDRATE Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption Basically‚ digestion of carbohydrate involves conversion of the large molecules of carbohydrates like di-saccharides and polysaccharides into simple mono-saccharide molecules which can be easily absorbed by the body. The first step of digestion is the moment we put the food in mouth. As we chew the food‚ the saliva released by the salivary glands of the mouth starts
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Alhia Harris October 18‚ 2011 Biology Lab report Proteins are very important throughout the body. They have a lot of functions in cells. Antibodies are proteins that help cells rebuild the cells when they are destroyed. Transport proteins move substances from one place to another. Regulatory proteins control cellular metabolism in a way that cells throughout the body can have the right amount of glucose in the blood. A common protein is an enzyme; in cells they speed up chemical reactions. For
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energy source‚ especially in protein synthesis‚ also plays a role in the transfer of information from the environment to cells. cAMP – cyclic adenosine monophosphate‚ is a special nucleotide in which an additional bond forms between the sugar and phosphate group. Essential in hormones and the nervous system. genome – the complete set of DNA in a living organism‚ not all information is needed all of the time. Gene – the sequences of DNA that encode specific proteins are transcribed into RNA
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identical to the cell membrane. It is composed of proteins‚ phospholipids and carbohydrates that are arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. Nucleus; the nucleus is the control centre of the whole cell. The nucleus of living cells contains genetic material that determines the structure and function of the cell it’s controlling. Nucleolus; the nucleolus is in the nucleus where rRNA genes exist and are transcribed. The resulting rRNAs and ribosomal proteins are combined to form the ribosomal subunits. The
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messenger RNA‚ which escapes the nucleus into a protein. According to the DNA and protein article DNA is used in many things but DNA is used to make pol-peptides. They are another word for proteins. When a cell makes a protein the direction are resembled from the part of an DNA. DNA strand and transcript combine to make RNA. RNA molecules carries the directions from the nucleus to ribosomes to make proteins. There are two main steps to make protein from DNA they are transcription and translation
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membrane A defining feature of biological membranes is the presence of which of the following? A lipid bilayer Order the following substances according to how easily they can cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins. List the substances that cross most easily first. Nonpolar molecules Polar molecules Ions Match each organism with the strategy it uses to maintain osmotic balance. Oak tree Surround the cells with a rigid wall that can withstand the pressure
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Compounds That Compose the Human Body There are five major groups of compounds that compose the human body. They are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ nucleotides‚ and water. These are all very important to humans and without them we would not be able to survive. They have many functions that encourage a human cell and a human body to function. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches‚ contain carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen which appears in a ratio of 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are classified
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