THE EVOLUTION OF WESTERN IDEAS AND INSTITUTIONS BEFORE THE 17TH CENTURY HIST 101 Final Exam Questions Below are eight (8) potential questions for your final exam. Remember‚ this exam includes all of the material that we have covered since the first exam‚ with the exception of Peasant Fires. As a result‚ I have divided the questions into two sections. On the day of the exam‚ I will choose two questions from each section and you will answer one for each section. As for the first exam‚ I will
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restricted way. Henry VIII loitered with Protestant ideas‚ but ultimately he proved to be conservative on matters of many religious beliefs altogether (Hobbs). This being said many people were often confused with certain newly found doctrines from different religions now being used in one church. Henry VIII came to the English throne in 1509 as a devout Catholic‚ having church services held in Latin and defending the Roman Catholic church against Protestants (Barrow). In 1521 Henry was‚ later to
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Early Modern Period: Uniform and powerful Church (the Catholic Church) -> rise of heretics (those who believed something other than what the Church believed)‚ and religious fragmentation Feudal society -> states Feudalism= a defficult concept Feodum -> fief Lords have sovereignty over an area Kings still fight to achieve control over land and countries Social upheaval The Early Modern World (500-1300) 1) Crisis of the Western Church also known as the Great Schism 2) Hundred
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This essay is to discuss the six paradigm’s shifts as highlighted by Bosch. The six paradigms are; primitive Christianity; the patristic period; the Middle Ages; the Reformation; the Enlightenment; and the Ecumenical era[1]. Bosch’s title for the book is ‘Transforming Mission’. As described by Bosch in his foreword he talks about the title as ambiguous. “Transforming” can be an adjective used to describe “mission”. Mission can be understood as not the enterprise that transforms reality‚ but something
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western Christendom A. The Protestant Reformation 1. Martin Luther (1483-1546) attacked the sale of indulgences‚ 1517 a. Attacked corruption in the Roman Catholic Church; called for reform b. Argument reproduced with printing presses and widely read c. Enthusiastic popular response from lay Christians‚ princes‚ and many cities d. By mid-sixteenth century‚ half the German people adopted Lutheran Christianity 2. Reform spread outside Germany a. Protestant movements popular in Swiss cities
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There was an argument between two great scholars‚ Robert Kolb and Hans Kung on whether Martin Luther’s reform improved the lives of European Christians. Kolb agreed that martin Luther made a positive impact on European Christians and he concluded that Luther was a prophetic hero‚ teacher and that Luther brought change and hope to the people. Kung on the other hand believes that Luther was a great orchestrator of change in the Christian church but also an indirect instigator of the violence and oppression
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and economics. The Baroque Era began with the Counter-Reformation and ended with two types of revolutions‚ political and industrial‚ that changed the world. The baroque was also a period of scientific innovation led by the discoveries of Descartes and Galileo. Science was no longer based on Greek ideals or religious dogma‚ but on reason and empirical laws. The counter-reformation was The Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation. The church fathers emphasized art rather than textbooks
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struggles against female treatment in that time period 2. Anne Hutchinson—Arguably the first American feminist who‚ despite living in an early Puritan colony‚ publicly called for gender equality 3. Antinomianism—A belief that emerged after the Protestant Reformation that Christians are free from any laws by their faith in God 4. Chesapeake Bay—The largest estuary in the United States that served as an important English settlement beginning in 1607 with the arrival of colonists 5. Church of England—England’s
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by the accessibility of printed texts. This helped his message to spread and gain wider acceptance. It had time to do this due to the distraction of Emperor Charles V who was busy fighting other wars. By the time Charles could deal with the Protestants they had established firm roots in many parts of northern Europe. By challenging the foundation of the Catholic Church’s authority‚ Luther’s ideas implicitly attacked the entire social order of Europe. His ideas regarding individual responsibility
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of all secularism first appeared in popular culture during that time period and are the core ideas. These ideas gave Luther the ideas for his reforms of the church and cause the protestant reformation which will then lead to a main force in the Thirty Years War which is secularism at the beginning. Protestant reformation drove Europe into a time a chaos such as the Middle East in today ’s world. The war raged all over Europe but most severely in what is now Germany. Although the war did not just
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