Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World A Glimpse of History Science of microbiology born in 1674 Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) • Made simple magnifying glass • Studied lake water • Observed ‘animalcules’ Robert Hooke • Also credited with discovery • Described ‘microscopical mushroom’ (common bread mold) in 1665 1 Importance of Microorganisms Microorganisms are foundation for all life on earth Have existed for ~3.5 billion years Plants‚ animals‚ modern
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species and organize information on what we are and what resides with us. When we place every living creature into one of the five kingdoms it better helps us understand the world around us and it ’s habitants. The five kingdoms include: Moneran‚ Protist‚ Fungi‚ Plantae‚ and the one we call home‚ Animalia. 1. Monera The simplest of all organisms is the bacteria of the Moneran kingdom. They are broken down into two types: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Eubacteria is known as the “true bacteria”
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Damn Near Everything There Is To Know About Cells: Biology Cell Report There are many parts of a cell‚ they all have specific duties‚ and are all needed to continue the life of the cell. Some cells exist as single-celled organisms that perform all of the organism’s metabolism within a single cell. Such single-celled organisms are called unicellular. Other organisms are made up of many cells‚ with their cells specialized to perform distinct metabolic functions. One cell within an organism may
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multicellular organisms. Plants and animals are made up of cells too. There are two basic classes of cells‚ prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The structurally simpler‚ prokaryotic cells are found among bacteria. All other types of organisms such as protists‚ fungi‚ plants and animals consist of structurally more complex eukaryotic cells. In this experiment‚ we took an animal cell (cheek cell) and a plant cell (onion cell) as well as starch (potato cell) as representatives of the eukaryotes to be examined
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Seminar 1 Option 2 Elizabeth Boatfield Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology SC121 Instructor: Eric D. Steelman‚ DHSc(c)‚ MPH‚ MS‚ RLATG A course assignment presented to Kaplan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the SC121 curriculum September 4‚ 2014 Anatomy and Physiology are studied together but differ in many ways but go hand in hand in studying the human body. Anatomy is the study of the relationships of the body structures. Anatomy
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flavors in foods such as yogurt and cheese: Bacteria - are obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses - have a protein coat that surrounds the genetic information: Viruses - include molds and yeasts: Fungi - contain the protozoa and algae: Protists - derive their energy from degrading organic materials: Fungi - are the most metabolically diverse group: Bacteria - Which one of the following sequences exhibits increasing size? Viruses to bacteria to protozoa - Which one of the following
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evolution The phenomenon that populations of organisms change over the course of many generations. As a result‚ some organisms become more successful at survival and reproduction natural selection The process that eliminates those individuals that are less likely to survive and reproduce in a particular environment‚ while allowing other individuals with traits that confer greater reproductive success to increase in numbers. Directional selection is when natural selection favors a specific
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Evolution : biodiversity Form Anatomy Structure Morphology : The study of different shapes Function Mechanics (biomechanics) Physiology : study of function Steve Vogel : founding father of Biomechanics * “without function is a corpse‚ without form is….” EX : * Form : Large muscles * Function : lifting weight Assumption : should be able to lift heavier loads Comparative Morphology and Physiology The more comparisons you make‚ the easier it gets to understand Ex : digestive
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The CELL THEORY‚ or cell doctrine‚ states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization‚ called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)‚ Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865)‚ and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940). Ultrastructural research and modern molecular biology have
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lacking these flanking sequences was also able to bind haem. The presence of one actual and two probable functional cytochromes b5 in Giardia is evidence of uncharacterized cytochrome-mediated metabolic processes within this medically important protist. Introduction The protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhoea‚ known as giardiasis. Infection of the host begins when dormant Giardia cysts are ingested through contaminated water‚ food or faecal–oral
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