Reproductive roles Male’s job is to get the sperm to the egg The sperm are specialized to deliver the male’s genes to the egg Female’s job is to produce a gamete (egg) containing the female’s genes Egg is specialized to nourish the embryo Egg is large and contains nutrients Egg must be moved along Female must also nourish and protect the embryo and fetus This is the job of the uterus Male reproductive strategy: Produce millions of gametes and hope that one makes it to the egg Female reproductive
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what will be the tRNA molecule? 22. What are the steps in translation? 23. Where in the cell does transcription occur? 24. What three types of gene regulation that are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells? 25. In a prokaryotic cell what are the elements of an operon? 26. Define a gene mutation. 27. Identify two causes of gene mutations. 28. Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation. 29. What are the three deadliest forms of cancer in the
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Section 1: Binary fission‚ mitosis‚ & meiosis Reading: Chapter 7 Watch and Learn: Mitosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cVZBV9tD-A&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw Meiosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB_8dTuh73c&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw Basic Learning objectives After completing the readings and practice exercises‚ students should be able to: Describe the process of binary fission. Describe the features and components of eukaryotic chromosomes and sister
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A mutation can simply be put as abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome. Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a person’s lifetime. Mutations that are passed from parent to child are called hereditary mutations or germ
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environmental Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Genetic evidence 1. induction of genes (activated oncogenes) loss of contact inhibition + uncontrolled division 2. transgenic mice (knock-out mice) higher incidence of cancer 3. BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutation familial breast and ovarian cancer 4. familial polyposis coli mutations in the Adenoma-Polyposis coli gene Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Genetic and environmental factors in tumor
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Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction – Cells from Cells 1. What are the three important roles of cell division? 2. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction. 3. Distinguish between the terms: DNA‚ gene‚ chromosome‚ replicated chromosome‚ sister chromatid and centromere. 4. What are the two phases of the cell cycle? What are the three stages of interphase? 5. Mitosis is the division of the ______‚ while cytokinesis is the division of the ______. 6. Describe the appearance
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Malignant astrocytomas or Gliomas are the most frequent form of primary cancer that arise in the brain. The most malignant and aggressive type of glioma is glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). GBM ‚which called grade IV astrocytoma‚ is one of the most common and deadly primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a high degree of morbidity and mortality and accounts for about 15% of all intracranial tumors in adults ages 40–75(2‚ 3) Incidence rates of glioma in The United States yearly is about 5 in 100
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Apoptosis commits suicide on a cell. 10. Cyclins - Any proteins that are associated with the cycle of cell division with mitosis Oncogenes - Cancer-causing genes Tumor Suppressor genes - They specify proteins that directly and indirectly inhibit the cell cycle Telomeres - Protect cells from damage Ch. 10 1. Prophase I - Chromosomes are duplicated Metaphase I - Homologous pairs align independently
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translation 28 Section 14.4 – Gene mutation 29 Section 15.1 – Totipotency and cells specialisation 31 Section 15.2 – Regulation of transcription and translation 32 Section 16.1 – Producing DNA fragments 33 Section 16.2 – In vivo gene cloning – the use of vectors 34 Section 16.3 – In vitro gene cloning – the polymerase chain reaction 36 Section 16.4 – Use of recombinant DNA technology 37 Section 16.5 - Gene therapy 38 Section 16.6 – Locating and sequencing genes 40 Section 16.7 - Screening
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to treat? (3 points) 2. Judy learned that every single person has these cell cycle genes so cells in our body can divide when necessary. What are some normal circumstances where our bodies might need to make more cells? Why is the skin continuously replacing its main cell and what specific damages to the skin would there be a need to make more cells? (3 points) 3. Every person has these cell cycle proto-oncogenes‚ but not every person has cancer. Why might this be the case? (3 points) Part III—"Like
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