B I O L O G Y 130 INTRODUCTORY CELL BIOLOGY LECTURE NOTES Department of Biology University of Waterloo Fall‚ 2012 BIOL 130 LECTURE NOTES Fall‚ 2012 a Lecture Notes This booklet contains the notes that will be presented as part of the online modules. For copyright reasons‚ the figures that will be shown along with the notes cannot be reproduced. However‚ most of these figures come from the required course text‚ Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments‚ 6th edition
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Hedgehog Gene Pathway Hedgehog pathway is essential for normal embryonic development and plays critical roles in adult tissue maintenance‚ renewal and regeneration. Secreted Hedgehog proteins act in a concentration- and time-dependent manner to initiate a series
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parts of the body. Malignant tumors are cancerous and are made up of cells that grow out of control. Cells in these tumors can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. 5. Judy learned that every single person has these cell cycle genes so cells in our body can divide when necessary. What are some normal circumstances where our bodies might need to make more cells? Why is the skin continuously replacing its main cell and what specific damages to the skin would there be a need to
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nucleus of the host cell. And then the viral DNA transcribes to form mRNA‚ and attaches on the cellular DNA. Thus‚ the cellular DNA integrates. Finally it continues the translation process and produces E6 and E7 protein. HPV consists of 8 genes‚ oncogene E6 and E7 genes are closely related to the control of transcription process at human as well as the cell cycle. Once HPV enters the cervix cell‚ it triggers the HPV to have the transcription for production of viral E6 and E7 mRNA and the translation for
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Micro-deletion syndromes Di- George syndrome Aetiology Deletion of part of the long arm in chromosome 22 at location 22q11.2(1) The most common deletion includes the TBX1 gene (85% individuals)‚ see figure 1 below. Defect in neural-crest tissue (thyroid‚ thymus‚ and conotruncal septum of the heart) due deletion of region in chromosome 22 (2) Inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant (2) Hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroid glands resulting in hypocalcemia Acronym CATCH22 is used for
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Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and the anti-proliferative potential of seed extract of Dicerocaryum senecioides on Jurkat T cell lines By Humbulani Ronald Tshilongamulenzhe A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science and Agriculture‚ Department of Biochemistry‚ Microbiology and Biotechnology‚ School of Molecular and Life Sciences in accordance with the requirements of the University of Limpopo for honours for the degree Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO
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Week #1 -autotrophs are organisms that harvest light or chemical energy in organic compounds. They self nutrition -heterotrophs are organisms that get complex nutrients from the environment (by eating other organisms) -Fungi are heterotrophs or predators because they are parasitic. Bread mold secretes digestive enzymes to enter the membrane. Same as foot fungus‚ it extends hyphae (fungal branches) into the cells to absorbs nutrients -One fungus makes traps for nematode worms while another fungus
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ONCOLOGIC NURSING CANCER A group of heterogeneous diseases that share common biologic properties. All cancers are genetic and share common molecular pathogenesis and are a result of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Abnormal cell differentiation and growth results in an abnormal mass of tissue‚ called a neoplasm. Benign Growth Patterns Hypertrophy – increase in cell size Hyperplasia – increase in cell number Metaplasia – conversion of one cell type to another Dysplasia
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2.3.1 Organelle Structure and function nucleus enclosed in double membrane with pores contains chromosomes with genes made of DNA to control protein synthesis ribosomes made of RNA and protein free in cytoplasm or attached to RER site of protein synthesis rough endoplasmic reticulum interconnected sacs with ribosomes attached transport proteins to other parts of cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of lipids and steroids mitochondria double
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Sex determination in plants Summary- Evolutionary transitions happened gradually from hermaphroditism to monoec in which multiple sex determining genes are involved which include male-sterility and female-sterility factors. There should not be any recombination between different loci which is the pivotal reason for the genetic degeneration of Y chromosomes. There are several theories attached to Y chromosome degeneration that are reviewed recently . Introduction: why are plant sex chromosomes
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