nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two illnesses - Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - that are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The disease progression of IBD is heterogeneous‚ as is the response of individual patients to different treatments. Typically IBD and the resultant inflammation cause a combination of abdominal pain‚ diarrhea‚ intestinal bleeding‚ weight loss‚ malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies. The onset of IBD is greatest in early adulthood
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do so and as such‚ Jane’s doctor should not inform her children of their potential mutated gene. A gene can be defined as ‘A sequence of DNA that carries the information required to make a molecule‚ usually a protein’ (Yourgenome.org: 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid‚
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AP Bio Ras Protein Paper The Ras proteins are a family of proteins that belong to a class of proteins called the small GTPase’s. They belong to a large super-family of proteins known as "low-molecular weight G-proteins". They are used to transmit signals throughout a cell using transduction. They strengthen the signals conveyed by linking them to a chemically irreversible process such as the cleavage of GTP. Ras proteins are usually in the “off” state where the GDP is bound to the site. However
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BIO- FINAL EXAM REVEW SHEET This is a comprehensive review of material from exams 1-3. Please study your class notes/powerpoint slides and read the chapters listed in your syllabus to study for all new material. What are the characteristics of living organisms? Acquire and use energy Made up of other cells Process information Can replicate itself (can reproduce) Population evolves (they evolve) What are the characteristics of cells? Contain genetic information Can duplicate themselves
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a malignant tumor‚ they are not very harmful. A malignant tumor is one that is cancerous‚ where the cancer cells start traveling to other parts of the body. Cancer cells invade and damage tissues and organs‚ and can enter the bloodstream. Proto-oncogenes‚ a gene in normal cells‚ both promote and inhibit cell division at the same time. In cancer cells both of these functions are stopped‚ and cells stop entering G0‚ the period of the cell cycle where a cell rests and completes basic functions‚ instead
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higher value‚ again due to its ER status. The second part of the thesis was aimed at investigating the idea of cancer stem cells (CSC’s) and its cell surface marker CD44 and CSC’s transcription factors OCT4 and NANOG. CSC’s are a “subpopulation of tumour cells” that
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RBMOnline - Vol 18. No 1. 2009 148-157 Reproductive BioMedicine Online; www.rbmonline.com/Article/3628 on web 3 November 2008 Review Cell phones: modern man’s nemesis? Ashok Agarwal is a Professor in the Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University and the Director of Center for Reproductive Medicine‚ and the Clinical Andrology Laboratory at The Cleveland Clinic‚ Cleveland‚ Ohio‚ United States. He has published over 400 scientific articles‚ reviews and book chapters in different
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The ulnar nerve is formed from the medial cord nerve roots of C7-T1. Originating in the brachial plexus‚ it descends down the arm before passing around the medial epicondyle of the elbow (the so-called funny bone) and then passes between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU). It gives some cutaneous branches just before the wrist whilst the motor branches pass around the hook of hamate. Its motor contribution is to all small muscles of the hand except the lateral two lumbricals as well as FCU
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Vaccines to Fight Cancer A vaccine is a very common way of building up the immune system to fight infection. Using vaccines to fight breast cancer is relatively new‚ however‚ and still considered experimental. A vaccine for breast cancer may consist of an antigen cocktail of weakened or essentially dead elements of breast cancer cells that could stimulate an antibody response. The cancer vaccine might be prepared from your own deactivated cancer cells‚ or from extracts of breast cancer cells cultivated
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Introduction Fundamentally cancer occurs from accumulated mutations in the genes which control cell proliferation and differentiation (Croce‚ 2008). Normal cells slowly and systemically replace dead ones via cell cycle consisting of growing‚ dividing‚ and dying phases‚ whereas cancer cells keep reproducing‚ and do not surrender to signals from body control (Cancer Research UK‚ 2010). Cancerous cells could invade nearby tissues‚ and even spread to other organs through lymph nodes or blood vessels
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