ONCOLOGIC NURSING CANCER A group of heterogeneous diseases that share common biologic properties. All cancers are genetic and share common molecular pathogenesis and are a result of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Abnormal cell differentiation and growth results in an abnormal mass of tissue‚ called a neoplasm. Benign Growth Patterns Hypertrophy – increase in cell size Hyperplasia – increase in cell number Metaplasia – conversion of one cell type to another Dysplasia
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Sex determination in plants Summary- Evolutionary transitions happened gradually from hermaphroditism to monoec in which multiple sex determining genes are involved which include male-sterility and female-sterility factors. There should not be any recombination between different loci which is the pivotal reason for the genetic degeneration of Y chromosomes. There are several theories attached to Y chromosome degeneration that are reviewed recently . Introduction: why are plant sex chromosomes
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nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two illnesses - Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - that are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The disease progression of IBD is heterogeneous‚ as is the response of individual patients to different treatments. Typically IBD and the resultant inflammation cause a combination of abdominal pain‚ diarrhea‚ intestinal bleeding‚ weight loss‚ malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies. The onset of IBD is greatest in early adulthood
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AP Bio Ras Protein Paper The Ras proteins are a family of proteins that belong to a class of proteins called the small GTPase’s. They belong to a large super-family of proteins known as "low-molecular weight G-proteins". They are used to transmit signals throughout a cell using transduction. They strengthen the signals conveyed by linking them to a chemically irreversible process such as the cleavage of GTP. Ras proteins are usually in the “off” state where the GDP is bound to the site. However
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do so and as such‚ Jane’s doctor should not inform her children of their potential mutated gene. A gene can be defined as ‘A sequence of DNA that carries the information required to make a molecule‚ usually a protein’ (Yourgenome.org: 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid‚
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BIO- FINAL EXAM REVEW SHEET This is a comprehensive review of material from exams 1-3. Please study your class notes/powerpoint slides and read the chapters listed in your syllabus to study for all new material. What are the characteristics of living organisms? Acquire and use energy Made up of other cells Process information Can replicate itself (can reproduce) Population evolves (they evolve) What are the characteristics of cells? Contain genetic information Can duplicate themselves
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a malignant tumor‚ they are not very harmful. A malignant tumor is one that is cancerous‚ where the cancer cells start traveling to other parts of the body. Cancer cells invade and damage tissues and organs‚ and can enter the bloodstream. Proto-oncogenes‚ a gene in normal cells‚ both promote and inhibit cell division at the same time. In cancer cells both of these functions are stopped‚ and cells stop entering G0‚ the period of the cell cycle where a cell rests and completes basic functions‚ instead
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higher value‚ again due to its ER status. The second part of the thesis was aimed at investigating the idea of cancer stem cells (CSC’s) and its cell surface marker CD44 and CSC’s transcription factors OCT4 and NANOG. CSC’s are a “subpopulation of tumour cells” that
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RBMOnline - Vol 18. No 1. 2009 148-157 Reproductive BioMedicine Online; www.rbmonline.com/Article/3628 on web 3 November 2008 Review Cell phones: modern man’s nemesis? Ashok Agarwal is a Professor in the Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University and the Director of Center for Reproductive Medicine‚ and the Clinical Andrology Laboratory at The Cleveland Clinic‚ Cleveland‚ Ohio‚ United States. He has published over 400 scientific articles‚ reviews and book chapters in different
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Vaccines to Fight Cancer A vaccine is a very common way of building up the immune system to fight infection. Using vaccines to fight breast cancer is relatively new‚ however‚ and still considered experimental. A vaccine for breast cancer may consist of an antigen cocktail of weakened or essentially dead elements of breast cancer cells that could stimulate an antibody response. The cancer vaccine might be prepared from your own deactivated cancer cells‚ or from extracts of breast cancer cells cultivated
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