Aging is something that continuously happens throughout life‚ which produces a lot of changes throughout the body. With that being said‚ many changes throughout the body affect the respiratory system. As individuals age‚ bones of the body become thin‚ weak‚ and change shape. The ribcage is affected by this change and can alter a person’s breathing as it becomes unable to expand and contract the way it used to. Muscles in the body also become weak. If the muscle that supports breathing‚ called the
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The HER2 has the potential to carry the cancerous cells in it. The HER2 gene is a 185-kD transmembrane glycoprotein which contains the cancerous cells‚ and the overexpression of it can cause major problems. It is overexpressed in 25-30% breast cancer issues and thus plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. To
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Have you ever wanted another you? Not a twin but someone who is just like you. How would you like to be two places at one time or even die but still somehow live on earth? I know I would love to have those options that’s why I chose human cloning as my topic for my stranger than science fiction report. Human cloning is a reproduction of human cells that genetically created as a copy of a human being. The possibility of cloning humans became serious back in the 1960’s. Cloning was outlawed in many
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external modifications to DNA that turn the genes “on” or “off” yet these modifications don’t change the DNA sequence. What they change is the way those cells read the genes. It can be used to describe the study of stable long-term alterations in transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable. The difference between simple genetics and epigenetics is that simple genetics is based on the changes to DNA‚ and the changes that occur in gene expression or cellular phenotype have other
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disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of both benign and cancerous tumors on the cerebellum‚ spinal cord‚ brain stem‚ or nerve root. The major cause for the Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome is mutations in the suppressor gene‚ which keeps cell growth from going too slow or too fast. If the gene is mutated‚ it will cause a tumor to grow in one of the central nervous system. The symptoms can cause terrible headaches‚ vomiting‚ weakness and loss of muscle control‚ bad back pain‚ or strokes. The Von Hippel-Lindau
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Type of cancer. Melanoma is a skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes‚ a type of cell that makes up the skin. Skin is formed by three layers: epidermis‚ dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Melanocytes‚ together with keratinocytes‚ are part of the epidermis and are responsible for producing melanin‚ a pigment that protects against the damaging effects of sunlight. The formation of melanin - melanogenesis is a biochemical process carried out by melanocytes and is affected by several hormones: α-melanocyte-stimulating
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Basal Cell Skin Cancer Basal cell skin cancer is a cancer that develops from the skin’s basal cells. The basal cells are located in the outermost layer of the skin called the epidermis and can be found in the deepest layer of the epidermis [1]. Basal cells constantly divide to form new cells in order to replace the squamous cells. As basal cells move up in the epidermis‚ the basal cells flatten and eventually become simple squamous cells. Separating the epidermis from deeper layers of the skin‚ the
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ability of individual molecules to bind to or react with other molecules. Theme 2: Living organisms need energy: growth‚ reproduction‚ movement‚ homeostasis‚ etc all require the input of energy. Theme 3: Information flow coordinates body functions: gene transfer from generation to generation‚ transcription and translation with a single organism to produce proteins‚ cell to cell communication involving neurotransmitters‚ hormones‚ action potentials‚ etc. and chemical communication where some molecules
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This “specific gene is a protein kinase that is triggered after double strand breaks‚” (1). It is responsible for activating the DNA damage checkpoints which lead to cell cycle arrest. This usually kills the cell. When it is mutated‚ chromosome break‚ telomeres shrink
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Biology 240. Spring 2014. Exam 3. Chapter 9. Proteins and Their Synthesis Four levels of protein structure (page 313) Primary: linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain Secondary: local regions of polypeptide chain fold into specific shapes (shapes arise from the bonding forces between amino acids close in proximity of linear sequence Tertiary: folding of the secondary structure Quaternary: protein composed of two or more separate folded polypeptides (subunits) joined by weak
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