Chromatography The Atomic Structure Atoms contain electrons which travel along electron shells‚ surrounding the nucleus that contains nucleons such as protons and neutrons. Electrons‚ neutrons and protons all make up an atom‚ they are called sub-atomic particles. Protons – has a relative charge of 1+ and a relative atomic mass of 1 Neutrons – are neutral‚ therefore the charge is 0. Also has a R.A.M of 1 Electrons – has a negative charge (1- )‚ and has a R
Free Periodic table Atom Chemical element
Index Sl. No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. The LHC 4 3. Design 5 4. Cyclotron 7 5. Mathematics 8 6. Practical Applications 9 7. Conclusion 13 8. Acknowledgement 14 9. Bibliography 14 “The beauty of living things is the atoms that go into it‚ but the way those atoms are put together.” -Carl Sagan Introduction If‚ in some cataclysm‚ all of scientific knowledge was to be destroyed‚ and
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Enzyme Report Case 1 - Hereditary Fructose Intolerance 1 & 2. Enzymes take on a variety of roles in the human body at the cellular level. Specifically‚ they aid in the breakdown of macronutrients such as glucose and fructose so that the body can use them. Although reactions within the body would occur without enzymes‚ enzymes provide control because the reaction is not needed all of the time. Enzymes function in specific environments such as temperature or pH; some enzymes are specific
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Nuclear Power Debate Year 11 Physics Gurjyot Singh Australia currently has no nuclear facilities generating electricity‚ which is forcing the Australian Government to look towards nuclear energy as a great alternative. Nuclear energy is a growing controversial topic in Australia; because the demands of utilizing electricity are increasing rapidly. According to a recent study‚ Australia has 23% of the world’s uranium deposits and is the second largest producer of uranium
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to its ability or tendency to lose a proton. There are very few strong acids. A strong acid is one that completely ionizes in water. In contrast a weak acid only partially dissociates. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ hydroiodic acid (HI)‚ hydrobromic acid (HBr)‚ perchloric acid (HClO4)‚ nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In water each of these essentially ionizes 100%. The stronger an acid is‚ the more easily it loses a proton‚ H+. Two key factors that contribute
Free Acid Chemistry Hydrochloric acid
Chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis‚ by definition‚ is the diffusion of ions through a partially/selectively permeable membrane (down an electrochemical gradient). It is specifically refers to the flow of protons through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The main theory behind chemiosmosis is call Chemiosmosis theory‚ and was developed by Peter Mitchel in 1961. Here is a brief outline of the theory (now pretty much accepted as fact): Throughout respiration carrier molecules (NAD and FAD) are produced‚
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Question 2.1: (i) Calculate the number of electrons which will together weigh one gram. (ii) Calculate the mass and charge of one mole of electrons. * ------------------------------------------------- Answer (i) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 × 10–31 kg Number of electrons that weigh 9.10939 × 10–31 kg = 1 Number of electrons that will weigh 1 g = (1 × 10–3 kg) = 0.1098 × 10–3 + 31 = 0.1098 × 1028 = 1.098 × 1027 (ii) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 × 10–31 kg Mass of one mole of
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the potential energy of the electron is used by enzymes to pump hydrogen atoms inside the membrane. This creates a proton gradient. The proton gradient is caused by a higher concentration of protons inside the membrane than outside. This proton gradient is then used to add a phosphate onto ADP‚ turning it into ATP. The net effect of this process is to store the energy of the proton gradient in
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Student ID: 21876729 Exam: 007525RR - METHODS‚ MAPPING‚ AND THE COMPOSITION When you have completed your exam and reviewed your answers‚ click Submit Exam. Answers will not be recorded until you hit Submit Exam. If you need to exit before completing the exam‚ click Cancel Exam. Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page break‚ so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an
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*PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE* Brief Introduction * Peptic Ulcer is a break in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that arises when the normal mucosal defensive factors are impaired or are overwhelmed by aggressive luminal factors such as acid and pepsin. * Ulcers extend through the musvularis mucosae and are usually over 5 mm in diameter. * In the United States‚ there are about 500‚000 new cases per year of peptic ulcer and 4 million ulcer recurrences; the lifetime prevalence of ulcers in the adult
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