quantitatively define the variability inherent in data‚ the probability of certain outcomes‚ and the error and uncertainty associated with those outcomes. Some statistics are biased‚ some are based on opinions‚ and some are fabricated. A common misconception is that statistics provide a measure of proof that something is true. Instead‚ statistics provide a measure of the probability of observing a certain result. It is easy to misuse the statistics in data analysis even to the point of misconception because
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Reliability is general rather than specific But validity is not general but specific. Reliability is necessary for validity because a test with score which fluctuates very much does not test anything. For example if a test of pronunciation measures pronunciation it is a valid test‚ instead of measures grammar and vocabulary. The test yields dependable scores that is if the scores do not fluctuate very much the test is reliable. means the scores obtained by a student will be close to the score she
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RELIABILITY‚ VALIDITY AND REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE IN RESEARCH John and Webb (2002‚ p.148) distinguishes between validity and reliability‚ arguing that the first one is the extent to which a research is capable of measuring what it is supposed to be measuring and the second one is the extent to which a research delivers consistent results. Validity and reliability measurement instruments are free of bias and random error. Haynes and Heiby (2004‚ p.47) propose some questions addressing sampling adequacy
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Reliability and Validity Reliability and Validity are important aspects of research in the human services field. Without reliability and validity researchers results would be useless. This paper will define the types of reliability and validity and give examples of each. Examples of a data collection method and data collection instruments used in human services and managerial research will be given. This paper will look into why it is important to ensure that these data collection methods and
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Question 1 How can graphics and/or statistics be used to misrepresent data? Where have you seen this done? Answer: It is a well known fact that statistics can be misleading. They are often used to prove a point and an easily be twisted in favor of that point. Statistics‚ graphics and database are used in medical field to approve‚ prove or disapprove theories‚ analysis and interpretation of ailments‚ medications and its impact and treatment and its effectiveness. As noted by Nursing Research (2011)/
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Validity is about the extent to which a piece of research in finding out what the research is finding out what the researcher intents to find out. The idea of validity means that something is true and can be believed. When people say ‘that’s a valid point”‚ they mean that the point is relevant‚ meaningful and believable. It is concerned with truth and value‚ that is whether conclusions are correct or not. It also considers whether the method‚ approaches and techniques actually relate to what is being
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By: Chad R. Davis 23 May‚ 2012 Defining Statistical Data People rarely ever realize it; however‚ everyone has made some form of statistical statement or thought within their everyday life; from conversations to thinking about something. Take a puppy for example. For every month in age a puppy is equates to one hour of being able to hold their bladders (Humane Society‚ 2009). Other examples would be Survey Data’s that are fundamentally amalgamated into scopes of miscalculations‚ randomized sampling
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Exploring Reliability and Validity E. HackShawnee State University Type of Reliability and Validity Used Upon examination of the Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual‚ it becomes clear what variables are working towards the reliability and validity of this study. The following paragraphs will entail those specific concepts. Validity After reading through the questionnaire‚ clarity develops in that two different types of validity are made distinct. Those two categories are
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Legend of the Seeker Misrepresents Every person can name at least one or five or ten books that have been turned into a movie or a television show. Books such as Twilight‚ Harry Potter‚ Lord of the Rings‚ Of Mice and Men‚ Wizards First Rule‚ ‘Romeo and Juliet’ - though that is a play- and many more. But how many of these productions actually portray the book in the fashion in which it was written. My guess is that the number is very few. People read books because they enjoy them and get excited
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statistics be used to misrepresent data? Where have you seen this done? Statistics‚ graphics‚ and database are used in medical field to approve‚ prove‚ or disapprove theories‚ analysis‚ and interpretation of ailments‚ medication and it’s impact‚ and treatment and it’s effectiveness. However‚ these data can be easily misinterpreted when and where there is a vested interest. Individual opinions are generalized without considering whole aspects of the issue‚ thus forming a biased opinion. Data can be misguiding
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