Cost Concepts for Managerial Decision Making Prepared for instructional use in Economics For Managers ECG 507 College of Management North Carolina State Universiy © Stephen E. Margolis 2000 Soon we will be using the concepts of cost that are presented in Landsburg’s chapters five and six to analyze market behavior of firms. With a bit of interpretation‚ however‚ these concepts have immediate application to ordinary decisions that
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Table of Contents Case 1 Introduction Jill’s business is expanding while the up going GST prevent her from gaining more profits. The idea of replacing the labor with the help of new equipment will bring about an unprofitable break-even point. However Jill still insist on borrowing from bank to invest in the equipment regardless of the CVP analysis result‚ which raised some ethical issues. Analysis Question 1 Defining the stakeholders There are 5 major stakeholders arising
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Review sheet Test 2 Chapters 4 & 5 (33 Multiple choice) Chapter 4 ▪ Definitions or calculations presentation on financial statements- Net Sales‚ COGS‚ gross profit‚ selling and administrative expenses o Sale - sale discount = Net sales o Net sale – COGS = Gross profit o Sale discount + net sale= sale o Sale – net sale = sale dis o Net sale – gross profit= COGS New asset -> inventory Expense -> COGS Revenue -> sales Contra revenue (debit)
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The concept of learning can be defined as the changing of knowledge‚ skills and behaviors of one person‚ which due to different experiences. As this reason‚ different people may have different understanding about the concept of learning. In my point of view‚ the learning is a continuous process‚ which could help people to acquire new knowledge and skills through understanding. It also provides the different views of thinking and understanding‚ in order to change as a person from inside to outside
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between accrual-basis accounting and cash-basis accounting? The variation between accrual basis accounting and cash basis accounting‚ is how cash is documented. Cash basis is an accounting basis that is used when expenses and revenue are paid out or received. This is when the transaction will be recorded. In accrual-basis accounting‚ transactions are recorded when they actually happen. Payment does not need to be made for the transaction to be recognized in accrual-basis accounting unlike cash-basis
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Nature of Accounting and the Accounting Standard Background Accounting is an important part for business and it is dubbed “language” of business activities conducted by firms. People think it is used to communicate business transactions per se to all stakeholders. However‚ some people argue that the functions of accounting are not that easy. Except the communication tool‚ accounting acts as many other difference roles in business. When doing accounting‚ different standard may be used. There are
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ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING Presented by: Rojina Sapkota Abhilasha Thapa Pooja Shah Sandeep Gautam Mendhala Lama Gurung AND THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION What is ETHICS? -All about making right choices and producing good behavior What is ETHICS in ACCOUNTING? -Being responsible enough to behave as a TRUSTWORTHY accountant. ROLE/IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING To provide true knowledge of the financial transactions taking place. To ensure correct decision making . WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMA
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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represented fairly in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)‚ which in other words means that the company’s financial condition‚ position‚ and operations are fairly presented in the financial statements. It is the best type of report an auditee may receive from an external auditor. An Unqualified Opinion indicates the following – (1) The Financial Statements have been prepared using the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles which have been consistently applied; (2) The
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ACC 3401 Audit and Professional Ethics │LECTURE 1│ Concepts of Auditing Learning Objectives After the lecture‚ students should be able to: describe the nature‚ purpose and scope of an audit; describe various basic principles and concepts of auditing and explain their importance in the actual audit procedures; and describe the professional framework within which auditors must operate. 1. Accounting vs. Auditing Accounting - the process of recording‚ classifying‚ summarizing and
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