6.3 • respondent behavior: behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (in CC) • operant conditioning: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher ➢ operant behavior: behavior that operates on the environment‚ producing consequences 6.3.1 • law of effect: Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely‚ and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences
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Cardwell (1996) described ethics as norms of conduct which considers acceptable behaviour in the pursuit of a particular personal or scientific goal. Ethics are very important when carrying out any type of psychological research and before any research method is carried out it is vital to stick to an ethical code of practise for the results should be reliable with internal or external validity. Ethics are boundaries set in order to protect participants from psychological harm and it is a psychologist’s
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Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic approach to psychology. This school of thought emphasized the influence of theunconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id‚ the ego‚ and the superego. Freud’s theories ofpsychosexual stages ‚ the unconscious‚ and dream symbolism remain a popular topic among both psychologists and laypersons‚ despite the fact that his work is viewed with skepticism by many today.
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Cognitive dissonance impacts the attitudes and behavior of employees in the workplace in the way of emotional dissonance. “Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort of an individual a person experiences when his or her values do not coincide with his or her behavior” (Kreitner & Kinicki‚ 2013). Emotional dissonance‚ according to Pugh (2011)‚ it is the inconsistency of the way a person feels with the way a person displays their feelings outwardly. Now that we know the definitions‚ we
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Industrial/ Organizational Psychology Paper By: Keanan Aho 03/26/2012 PSY 435 Christopher Reid Industrial/ Organizational Psychology Paper Industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology has been around for a long time. It has been studied since the beginning of the study of psychology. When I/O psychology was first studied the industrial side of it is what was focused on. The industrial side consisted of the management and human resources side‚ and the organization side‚ which consisted
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White University of Phoenix PSY 410 Instructor: Dr. Kristi Husk 26 August 2013 Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that examines unusual behavior as compared to that behavior that is classified normal. Throughout history society has tried to understand and control behavior. Many studies such as Skinner’s reinforcement theory‚ has tried to develop techniques to modify behavior. The field of abnormal psychology draws identifies causes for behavior
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ST.MARY’S COLLEGE OF EDUCATION SEMINAR ON PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (2011-2012) [pic] Signature of the Teacher educator J. Rawoofu Nisha (Mathematics) SKINNER’S (OPERANT CONDITIONING) AND THORNDIKE’S (TRIAL AND ERROR) THEORIES |S.NO |CONTENT
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4/22/12 Cognitive Therapy & CBT Home » Therapy » Types of Counselling and Psychotherapy » An Introduction to Cognitive Therapy & Cognitive Behavioural Approaches By Dr Greg Mulhauser‚ Managing Editor Cognitive therapy (or cognitive behavioural therapy) helps the client to uncover and alter distortions of thought or perceptions which may be causing or prolonging psychological distress. Underlying Theory of Cognitive Therapy The central insight of cognitive therapy as originally formulated
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influential theories on cognitive development comes from Jean Piaget‚ a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher. To Piaget‚ cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. His ideas have generated a lot of research into cognitive development which has significantly improved our understanding on the topic. He is well-known for his studies with children and his theory that cognitive capabilities shown
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1. Abnormal psychology is the study of: A) how abnormal behavior can be defined‚ classified‚ explained‚ and treated B) the abnormalities that exist within social and political organizations. C) the variations in normal thought content‚ behaviors‚ and emotions. D) how genes and the environment influence physical health and diseases. Ans: A Section reference: Abnormal psychology: The core concepts Difficulty level: easy Core concept: none Page reference: See page 3 of your text.
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