behaviour can be objectively and scientifically measured in a nomothetic approach. Clinical techniques such as lab experiments were favoured due to the fact they allowed allowed any extraneous variables to be controlled‚ such as light or heat. Their theories and hypothesis were often tested using mainly animals‚ due to behaviourists assuming they learn the same way as a human would‚ but are often more convenient to study. Whilst you could argue that an artificial experiment lacking any ecological validity
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12816772 25th October 2013. Exploring the contribution of the working alliance to the development of an effective therapeutic relationship in both Psychodynamic Counselling and CBT Introduction (300 words approx) In my essay I shall be exploring my understanding of the working alliance‚ and effective therapeutic relationship in both Psychodynamic Counselling‚ and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. I shall include my experience gained in class and outside of the classroom setting. With situations
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Describe and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Approach to psychology. 10 Marks The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud‚ an Austrian neurologist turned psychologist. It focuses on the unconscious mind‚ and states that our behaviour is determined by instincts‚ such as the aggressive (Thanatos) and sex (libidinal) drives‚ which energise the unconscious mind. Many people will ask ‘What is the unconscious?’ The psychodynamic approach suggests that when people make important decisions in life‚ instinctive
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Summary The psychodynamic approach is a theory that has several different ways to look at leadership skills. The foundation of the concept is that many leadership skills are based on personality and the unconscious mind. According to Northhouse‚ a good leader must be aware of their personality and accept their personality completely. The psychodynamic approach is not only based on personality‚ but it is also based on how humans interact with other humans within a work environment (Nothhouse
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Outline and evaluate the Psychodynamic approach to abnormality (12marks) It claims that personality develops in childhood through a number of ‘psychosexual stages’ and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example between the ages of two and four children are in the anal stage – too much focus on holding in faeces during this time can lead to an ‘anally retentive’ adult personality which is obsessively neat and tidy‚ in some cases leading
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Chapter 10 involves learning about personalities; psychodynamic‚ humanistic‚ trait‚ personological and life story‚ social cognitive‚ and biological perspectives. Personality is a pattern of enduring‚ distinctive thoughts‚ emotions‚ and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. Psychodynamic perspectives on personality emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious. The structures of personality are id‚ ego‚ and superego. The id consists of unconscious drives and
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scientific purposes‚ a set concept for the term "test" must be defined. Furthermore‚ each individual subject has its own types of specialized test and testing methods. Here‚ the definition of tests will be explored with the special emphasis on psychological testing methods and who uses them for what reasons. Defining test Merriam-Webster (2013) defines test as "a critical examination‚ observation‚ or evaluation." It further includes a series or question that are intended to measure skills‚ attitudes
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Outline and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression (24) One social-psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT)‚ which suggests that people learn behaviour by not only direct reinforcement and punishment but also by observing the behaviour of others. If a person observes aggressive behaviour from a model figure‚ they may imitate this behaviour‚ especially if they identify or look up to the model. This does not necessarily mean that the aggressive behaviour
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The psychodynamic approach of leadership places emphasis on the relationship between the leaders and the followers‚ plus individual personality characteristics of the leader and the followers. It also‚ emphasised that leaders should encourage followers to gain insight into their own personalities so that they could understand their reactions to the leader and each other. An important assumption in this approach of leadership is that the personality characteristics of individuals are deeply rooted
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Behaviorism (also called the behaviorist approach) was the primary paradigm in psychology between 1920s to 1950 and is based on a number of underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis: * Psychology should be seen as a science. Theories need to be supported by empirical data obtained through careful and controlled observation and measurement of behavior. Watson (1913) stated that “psychology as a behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science.
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