Outline and evaluate the Psychodynamic approach to abnormality (12marks) It claims that personality develops in childhood through a number of ‘psychosexual stages’ and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example between the ages of two and four children are in the anal stage – too much focus on holding in faeces during this time can lead to an ‘anally retentive’ adult personality which is obsessively neat and tidy‚ in some cases leading
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There are many different kinds of addictions‚ from alcohol to substance abuse; but not all are drugs of some kind. Addiction is defined as “to a state in which the body relies on a substance for normal functioning”. The various addictions vary but several theories claim to give explanations to the modelling of addiction. Genetic theories‚ exposure theories (both biological and conditioning)‚ and adaptation theories. Biological model - According to this model‚ biological factors within the individual
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gradual meaning slowly brings them closer to their biggest fears. There is also the question of whether or not the fear should be introduced through the imagination or in a real life situation‚ which is called in vivo exposure. To help clients with addictions cue exposure is used‚ which helps clients resist their urges when introduced to cue associated with their
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definite nor a useable concept that has rejected previous theories and instead believe that psychologists should take a more scientific approach and focus on observable behavior. The goal of therapeutic psychology is to help the individual alter unhealthy behaviors and thoughts through mutual trust and different techniques. The psycho-dynamic approach to therapy is much different than that of the behavioral approach. The psychodynamic approach appears to dive into the unconscious motivations
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A narrow definition of the term addiction refers to habitual psychological and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one ’s voluntary control. Terms such as "workaholic‚" "sex addict‚" and "computer junkie" arose to describe behaviors that have features in common with alcoholism and other substance addictions. Substance addiction is a multi-pronged system in which lifestyle has a role but the biology of a person ’s body is a major factor. These substances‚ which are called psychoactive drugs
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Addiction: A Disease Or A Choice? Several people argue whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice. Today‚ I will be discussing this argument in hopes to have a better understanding as to why this topic is so controversial. Throughout my research‚ I easily found information on this topic and I am still not sure I have found any answers. The biggest argument is that addiction is a choice not a disease. For those on the other side of the argument they claim just the opposite. According
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Drug Addiction and Crime: How Does Poverty Contribute to the Two? Poverty‚ crime‚ and addiction are social elements that create social problems. According to Reiman‚ “poverty is a source of crime” (27). Poverty in America is a major problem. In the United States‚ one out of every five children grows up in poverty (Reiman‚ 86). Many factors contribute to poverty. Some examples of these factors include: financial aspects of addiction‚ exclusion‚ images of crime‚ subcultures of
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Assignment From the list of selected books‚ the one that stuck out to me the greatest was Ronnie Steele’s‚ “My Own Worst Enemy: A Memoir of Addiction.” This book observes the parallels between addiction and self-image. This book takes the reader into the mind of Ronnie Steele and analyzed how he not only coped with his addiction but how the addiction made him who he was. The reason why I enjoyed this book over many other autobiographies that I have read before is that Ronnie allows the reader
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Personality‚ like most core Psychology subjects‚ is difficult to define. Personality is essentially the science of describing and understanding people. No two people are the same; even identical twins will tell you that they are very different to their identical counterpart. There are some who are anxious and there are those who are risk-takers. There are some who are carefree while there are those who are highly-strung and there are those who are over-confident while some are just plain shy. It
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The psychodynamic approach’s key strength is that this was the first approach of personality to try and attempt to explain mental illnesses and personality formation in terms of psychology. This psychodynamic theory had enormous influence in the development of the field of psychology today and brought around a new approach to the study of personality and individual differences. The psychodynamic theory cannot be mentioned without the recognition that it has shaped and influenced the majority of psychology
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