Title: The Theory of Universal Grammar ( By Anntina Fyvonnequehz) Introduction The Theory of Universal Grammar has been expounded in Lightbown and White (1987‚ White (1989)‚ and Ellis (1994)‚ among others. It derives from Chomsky ’s conceptualization of the nature of the linguistic universals that comprise a child ’s innate linguistic knowledge. According to Chomsky (1976)‚ there is a ’system of principles‚ conditions‚ and rules that are elements or properties of all human languages ’.
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INTRODUCING A NEW TERM: INTEGRATED L2 LANGUAGE TEACHING Similar to other professions‚ teaching requires a plan of up-coming instructions. Improvising‚ although helpful as a style while teaching‚ is not thought to be enough for successful learning. Thus‚ a teacher needs to know some teaching techniques which are proven to be successful according to learners’ positive reactions. There have been many studies about second language teaching. Effectiveness‚ facility‚ and clarity of the results generally
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sounds of human language.( Devenport & Hannahs 1998) So for this paper I will try my best to show that phonetics is one of crucial areas of study for phonology. Without phonetics‚ I would maintain‚ (and allied empirical disciplines such as psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics) phonology runs the risk of being a sterile‚ purely descriptive and taxonomic‚ discipline; with phonetics it can achieve a high level of explanation and prediction (Ohala 1991) in vowel sounds‚ different sounds‚ and intonation
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The Impact of Accent Stereotypes on Service Outcomes and Its Boundary Conditions The Impact of Accent Stereotypes on Service Outcomes and Its Boundary Conditions EXTENDED ABSTRACT “When we listened back to calls people had complained about often they were fine. Some people wanted the member of staff to fail because they were in India. I don’t know why that should be‚ but when customers start voting with their feet‚ you have to respond.” --Adrian Web (Call Center Manager‚
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Designing A Flexible Web-Based Reading Environment to Facilitate Self-Regulated Reading Comprehension Smaragda S. Papadopoulou smapapad@gmail.com University of Piraeus (Greece) Abstract Reading has always been a foundational element of one’s education. The ultimate goal of reading‚ however‚ is not limited to word recognition; the reader’s success lies in comprehension. Comprehending a text is undoubtedly a complex process and it is even more difficult for all learners to acquire self-regulating
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behavior anddevelopment. New York: Hartcourt Brace Janovich‚ Skehan‚ P Skinner‚ Burrhus Frederick. (1957). Verbal Behavior‚ Acton‚ Massachusetts: Copley Publishing Group‚ pp. 1 Snow‚ C.E Stern S. (1980). Drama in second language learning from a psycholinguistic perspective. Language learning 30(1): 77 – 97 Stern‚ Paul‚ C Stewart‚ E. (1972). p.16. American cultural patterns: A cross cultural perspective. Yarmouth‚ ME Intercultural Press. Thuleen‚ Nancy. (1996). "The Grammar-Translation Method." Website
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pivotal features of CLT to explore the roots of the different interpretations and argues that in order for CLT to fulfill all the expectations attributed to it in the 21st century‚ the method needs to be revised according to the latest findings of psycholinguistic research. And he terms this revised approach `Principled Communicative Approach’
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Lyons‚ J.1981. Language and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Penn‚ J.1972. Linguistic Relativity versus Innate Ideas. Paris: Mouton. Rossi-Landi‚ F.1973. Ideologies of Linguistic Relativity. Paris: Mouton. Slobin‚ D.1974. Psycholinguistics. London: Scott‚ Foresman and Company.
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(1969). Speech Act‚ An Essay in the Philosophy of language: London Cambridge University Press Paltidge‚ B (2007) Discourse Analysis: An Introduction (Continuum Discourse) London; Continuum International Publishing Group Dakowska‚ M. 2001. Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Second Language Learnig and Teaching. Warszawa: PWN Levinson‚ Stephen C
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