MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized‚ perpetuated and its manifestations
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on Definition 7 improper sodium transport. Definition 8 how early experiences shape one’s risk for depression. Term 9 Definition 9 Which of the following risk percentage patterns would best support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder? ______ in the general population; ______ among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder; ______ among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder. 1%‚ 10%‚ 40% - Term 10 Definition 10
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Behavior Disorders (Emotional Disturbance Pg 207-210) I. Facts: * Behavior disorders include mental health problems with a focus on behaviors that both identify emotional problems and create interpersonal and social problems for children and adolescents in the course of their development. * Currently‚ students with such disorders are categorized as having a serious emotional disturbance‚ which is defined under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)‚ Public Law 101-476‚ as follows:
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Analyzing Psychological Disorders Lisa Miller Axia College‚ University of Phoenix Psychological disorders impact many areas of an individual’s life as well as create stress for the individual and their loved ones. Psychological disorders are not biased and can affect any race‚ gender‚ age and social class. While some individuals may be predisposed to psychological disorders‚ there really is not a genetic component. The social stigma attached to psychological disorders prevents
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SELF-INSTRUCTIONS‚ FOCUSING ATTENTION GUIDING BEHAVIOR “All right. PROVIDING ENCOURAGEMENT . EVALUATING PERFORMANCE. REDUCING ANXIETY Meichenbaum developed self-instructional training to teach people to direct themselves to cope effectively with difficult situations. Children who act impulsively do not think before acting‚ Undesirable consequences for both them and other people. The general goal of self-instructional training for impulsive behaviors is to teach children to think and plan - to
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PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRAUMA Introduction A traumatic event is any situation whereby a person is affected psychologically due to the severity of the event. In such cases‚ a person may find it difficult to move on to normal life which they had no problem with before the traumatic event. A recent event that affected hundreds of people in Kenya was the Westgate terror attack. Terror attacks cause people to lose trust in humanity. This attack left many people traumatised Fortunately‚ these consequences
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The Major Psychological Perspectives Behaviorism is a highly deterministic view that declares there is no free will‚ defines psychology as the science of behavior. Pavlov‚ Watson‚ Thorndike and Skinner are the four major psychologists that help develop and enhance this view. They studied behavioral responses and the ways those responses are influenced by stimuli in the environment. . The psychoanalytic view largely focuses on the unconscious influencing human behavior. Developed by Sigmund Freud
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Psychopaths are people who are highly antisocial‚ aggressive and lacking in empathy. They are said to have no conscience‚ and when they do something violent they tend to say that feel nothing. Most serial killers are psychopaths. “Walter Sickert the man believed to be Jack the Ripper is supposedly a psychopath. They can’t really tell if he is absolutely do to the fact that he is longer alive. They can assume‚ but they can’t really know. When they are kids they tend to be violent towards animals
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American children watch an average of four hours of television daily. Television can be a powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. Unfortunately‚ much of today’s television programming is violent. Television shows that allow the character that commits the crime to receive no punishment‚ teaches children that it is all right to commit a crime because nothing will be done. Criminals and violent acts do not get punished. Television is a powerful teacher and if children
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contents Executive summary 2 Introduction 4 1. Consumer behavior 5 2. Perception 5 2.1Definition of perception 5 2.2 Elements of perception 6 A. Sensation 6 B. The absolute threshold 6 C. Just noticeable difference to consumer behavior: 6 D. Subliminal perception 7 2.3 Factors influencing perception 7 1) Characteristics of the perceiver (internal factors): 7 2) Characteristics of the target (external factors): 9 3) Characteristics of the situation: 9 2.4 The perception’s
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