Assess the contribution of the Marxist theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance. (21 marks) Marxism is a macro/structural approach to society‚ meaning that it looks at the large-scale societal structure for answers about how society works and operates and explores crime and deviance in relation to classes within a capitalist society. Marxists claim that laws do not reflect a value consensus‚ instead laws and law enforcement benefits the rich (protection of private property)
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All Structuralist theories of crime and deviance seem to suggest that crime is socially constructed rather than focused on the individual. Albert Cohen‚ combining Structuralist and sub cultural theories drew on Merton’s idea of strain but criticized Merton’s ideas of crime being an individual response and believed that he ignored non-utilitarian crimes such as vandalism and joy-riding. Cohen was particularly interested in deviance which was not economically motivated but done simply for the thrill
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Psychological Perspectives: Essay 2 Psychology is a study which involves scientifically monitoring behaviour and mental processes in an attempt to understand and resolve them. In this second assignment I aim to discuss and evaluate the competing ideas of free will and determinism‚ whilst also assessing both biological and environmental reductionism as ways of explaining human behaviour. Firstly free will is fundamental to the understanding of most common sense theories of psychology. It is
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological theories of aggression Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that acts of aggression are learnt through the observation of role models. His original “Bobo Doll” study showed that when exposed to aggressive behaviour small children copied this behaviour‚ not just by being physically aggressive but even copying the verbally aggressive behaviour. However this study focuses on children who are supposed to learn in this manner‚ this doesn’t demonstrate
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Toward a Marxian Theory of Deviance‚ by Steven Spitzer‚ critiques the way that traditional theories explain deviance‚ offers components for a theory of how deviants are produced and more specifically explains their production in a capitalistic society using Marxian theory. Traditional theories placed attention on the individual and ignored important aspects surrounding the subject like the political and social structure of that time‚ both are critical and contribute to the definition of deviancy
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Running head: Psychological Perspectives on Culture and Gender Psychological Perspectives on Culture and Gender: Psychoanalytical‚ Freudian‚ and Humanistic Theories Dashunda Washington Regent University October 6‚ 2013 Running head: Psychological Perspectives on Culture and Gender Abstract Freud’s Psychoanalytical theory and approach‚ and the Humanistic theory involve countless hypotheses regarding the human personality and functions and processes
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The Psychological Contract Shein (1980) explained the concept of the psychological contract as a set of mutual expectations held between the employee and employer within the workplace. It is an unwritten set of expectations operating at all times. It can also be described as individual beliefs shaped by the organisation that relates to the expectation the employee has in terms of pay‚ fair treatment‚ opportunities etc and the expectations that the employer has in terms of performance‚ loyalty‚ etc
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authoritative figure‚ such as a co-worker or a therapist yonic symbol—an image that represents a vagina I. Psychological Criticism History and Development Psychological criticism examines the inner workings of the human mind and applies psychological theories to the interpretation of literature‚ specifically in the analysis of authors and their characters. This approach draws from the theories of several prominent experts‚ but most often those of Sigmund Freud (1846–1939). Freud is considered the
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Counseling Theory Psychological Growth and Change Tiffini Chamblin Liberty University Abstract Psychological growth means different people. Some people think that psychological freedom gives them the freedom to do what they want; others seek to understand themselves better‚ others want to search themselves for their deeper true self. Psychological growth is the increase of the capacity for external accomplishment and inner fulfillment
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NOTRE DAME UNIVESITY SHOUF CAMPUS Research about: EGOISM NATURALISM UTILITARIANISM Presented to: Dr. Charbel Orfali Done by: Firas hamadeh Semester: Spring 2012 Egoism Egoism can be a descriptive or a normative position. Psychological egoism‚ the most famous descriptive position‚ claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. Normative forms of egoism make claims about what one ought to do‚ rather than describe what one does do. Ethical egoism claims that
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