Economic Commission for Africa Public Sector Management Reforms in Africa Economic Commission for Africa ECA/DPMD/PSM/TP/03/1 Public Sector Management Reforms in Africa: Lessons Learned Development Policy Management Division (DPMD) Addis Ababa‚ Ethiopia December 2003 For this and other publications‚ please visit the ECA website at the following address: http://www.uneca.org or contact: Publications Economic Commission for Africa P.O. Box 3001 Addis Ababa‚ Ethiopia Tel.: 251-1-44
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The History of Public Relations The act of public relations dates back to 52 B.C.E. in ancient Rome and continues on today all around the world. Public relations is defined as the controlling factor that searches to form and maintain relationships between organizations‚ profit or non-profit and the public that are beneficial for both parties (Bates). The age of public relations as a profession evolved in the 20th Century‚ mainly in the United States‚ but its foundation can
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10 Definitions of Public Relations 1. “Public relations is essentially a communication function‚ but with the emphasis on the two-way nature of the communications process.” –Book of “Public Relations Principles and Practice” by Philip J Kitchen 2. “Public relations adalah semua bentuk komunikasi yang terencana‚ baik itu ke dalam maupun ke luar‚ antara suatu organisasi dengan semua khalayaknya dalam rangka mencapai tujuan-tujuan spesifik yang berlandaskan pada saling pengertian” – (Frank Jefkins
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Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Public Relations? This section features Public Relations as a career option‚ elaborated with reference to the job profile‚ personality traits required‚ the courses and training involved‚ premier institutions and future prospects. Public Relation is a management function that involves monitoring and evaluating public attitudes and maintaining mutual relations and understanding between an organisation and its public. Public could include shareholders‚ government
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From past to present; the changing focus of public health by Maria Joyce Key sections include: Environment‚ infectious disease‚ locating public health‚ the enlightenment‚ the Sanitarians‚ national provision of services‚ the inception of the National Health Service‚ ‘crisis in health’‚ The New Right‚ The Third Way‚ new public health. Public health‚ the new ideology may be taken to mean the promotion of healthy lifestyles linked to behaviour and individual responsibility supported by government
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IS THERE A PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION? OR BETTER STILL‚ FOR WHOM IS PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION? 1 Alex Brillantes‚ Jr. and Maricel Fernandez 2 I Yes‚ there is a Philippine Public Administration Is there a Philippine public administration? A number of our colleagues asked us why we are asking that question again as we were planning this colloquium. Indeed that question had been asked 20 years ago‚ and answers have been provided us by eminent scholars of Public Administration such as
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------------------------------------------------- Public Expenditures Overview A comparison of Public Expenditures on Health in the two countries is the preliminary basis for evaluating where India stands with respect to the current superpower China‚ as both have strikingly similar demographics and health patterns. ------------------------------------------------- An overview of the evolution of the health systems in China and India reveals some similar patterns and striking differences
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Functions of Public Relation It has been reported that Public Relations or PR is the art of managing communication between an organization and its key publics to build‚ manage and sustain a positive image (“”‚ 2006)‚ and is an important function in the desire of any business organization or company to establish its reputation and brand image to its target market. For this reason‚ it is essential to determine the several functions of public relations‚ categorized as organizational and societal. This
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Accounting for public heritage facilities – assets or liabilities of the government? The Authors Allan D. Barton‚ Department of Commerce‚ Faculty of Economics and Commerce‚ Australian National University‚ Canberra‚ Australia Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank three anonymous referees for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of the paper. Abstract Public heritage facilities – national parks‚ art galleries‚ museums and so on – are now required by professional accounting
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Public health Methods of promoting and protecting public health P5 P6 The main aims of public health are to improve the health of the nation‚ this has many benefits as it reduces the amount of illness and disease in the population‚ reduces the cost of healthcare provision to the NHS‚ it improves life expectancy‚ and also educates individuals to take responsibility for their health. Another aim of public health is to reduce health inequalities‚ this is done by targeting those who are vulnerable
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