Public relations have been regarded as an important tool in maintaining and enhancing the relationships between an organisation and its publics. There are different models of public relations that organisation adopt to reach mutual understandings between their publics or to demonstrate its organisational desire to its publics. Grunig and Hunt (1984) define the communication theory as a fundamental tool of enhancing and maintaining the relationship between an organisation and its publics‚ which can
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what modern day PR is‚ Warnaby & Moss (2002) state that “Public relations is the art and social science of analyzing trends‚ predicting their consequences‚ counseling organisation leaders and implementing planned programs of action which will serve both the organization’s and the public interest.” This definition highlights several aspects that are important to a modern PR professional; trends‚ public interest & planned action. Modern public relations is always facing new challenges and trends as
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collected no data for this purpose (“The state‚” 2012). All these issues are mainly accounted for prolonged budget deficits‚ which the TTC has been struggling for many years. HISTORY OF THE TTC The Toronto Transportation Committee (TTC) is a public transport service agency established in 1954‚ the third largest transit system in North America that operates streetcar‚ transit bus‚ and rapid transit service (subway and RT) in Toronto. The TTC consists of four repaid transit service lines with
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in 2014)‚ public relations is about reputation. This essay will focus on CIPR’s arguments and compare it with Bernays’ ideas and Nudge and persuasion theories. In the first place‚ this essay will introduce Grunig and Hunt (1984)’s four models; and then‚ analyse and evaluate Bernays’ ideas of public relations as propaganda and Nudge and persuasion theories; at the end‚ explore the similarities as well as differences among Bernays’ propaganda‚ Nudge and persuasion and CIPR’s ideas of public relations
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revenue are: taxes‚ interest‚ income from government involvement in industry and commerce‚ sources from borrowing or debt financing. The budget is partitioned into two accounts‚ namely: Revenue and Expenditure. The revenue aspect is further sub-divided into recurrent revenue and capital and capital revenue. Similarly‚ the expenditure side is broken into recurrent expenditure and capital expenditure. Described further below` a. PUBLIC EXPENDITURE: the overall what is known as public expenditure is broadly
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CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Names | Country/Date/Era | Theory/Definition/Statement | 1-Aristotle | Greek/384 BC –322/Ancient philosophy | He was of the approach that administering society’s public decision and allocating its public resources. The approach recognizes the ambiguity of administrative discretion and the fact that administrators depend on substantive norms (values) to guide their interpretation of law and their allocation of resources. | 2-John Locke | England
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The Development of Public Relations in Indonesia Introduction The Republic of Indonesia comprises five major islands: Java‚ Kalimantan‚ Sumatera‚ Sulawesi‚ and Papua. Some other islands are Maluku‚ Nusa Tenggara‚ and Bali. There are approximately 17‚000 small islands comprise the Indonesian archipelago that stretches along the Equator extending more than 4‚800 km. With more than 220 million people‚ Indonesia’s population ranks fourth in the world. Although Indonesians live in more than 6
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Like the UK’s constitution‚ a unique definition of public service broadcasting (PSB) remains unwritten and exists largely as an ethos interspersed throughout legislature and policy (Tunstall 2010). While concepts and approaches to PSB overlap no single definition has existed since its inception; definitions offered vary depending on the individual‚ region‚ country‚ or organisation examined (Just et al. 2017; Larsen 2014; Branston and Stafford 2010). As there exist myriad contextual dependencies that
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What is Public Relations Good For? There are many people who think they know what public relations is‚ but for the most part they don’t understand the importance that public relations offer. Public relations the key to every organization‚ without it they couldn’t function. Most definitions of public relations contain two concepts‚ communication and management. Public relations is the way in which organizations communicate to their public. Organizations use public relations specialist to gain
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Review of “A New Vision for Public Administration” Charles T. Goodsell Public Administration Review‚ 66.4‚ July/August 2006: 623:635 Theme The theme of the article by Goodsell is illustrating “how public administration in the United States can be seen on its own terms‚ and not those of others” (p. 634). This article argue that the professors and practitioners of the field have inadvertently allowed it to be observed and interpreted from standpoints imposed by others who are external to
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