international relations can be traced back to thousands of years ago; Barry Buzan and Richard Little‚ for example‚ consider the interaction of ancient Sumerian city-states‚ starting in 3‚500 BC‚ as the first fully-fledged international system.[3] The official portraits of King Władysław IV dressed according to French‚ Spanish and Polish fashion reflects the complex politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Thirty Years’ War The history of international relations based on sovereign
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What Is Power & Authority in Industrial Relations? X Power and authority are the same in industrial relations as they are anywhere else. The basic concept of industrial relations involves the interaction between management and labor‚ as well as ownership and management. Authority and power are at the center of this field‚ which examines industry‚ as the main productive mechanism of a nation‚ and the method by which millions make a living. The way that power and authority are used in the workplace
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Employment Relations UNIT 2 EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS Objectives After going through this unit‚ you should be able to: l l explain the historical perspective of industrial relations in India; appreciate the impact of globalisation‚ technological changes‚ and other forces on industrial relations; identify the issues and challenges confronting industrial relations in India. l Structure 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Introduction Industrial Relations in India
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Public Relations is a distinctive management function which helps to build‚ manage and sustain mutual lines of communications and understanding between an organization and its public interest. Alternatively‚ most would simply sum up this one-liner as “PR represents Problem Resolution” which many PR practitioners and personnel does as a communication strategy and tactics to resolve many and varied problems for customers and organizations Many would ask what exactly are the criteria and key attributes
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problems associated with industrial relations‚ it is desirable to study its various evolutionary phases. Practically speaking‚ the growth of industrial relations in India is in no way different from that of other parts of the globe. The various stages of industrial relations progressed from primitive stage to factory or industrial capitalism stage. The emergence of tripartite consultative system and voluntary and statutory approach to industrial relations‚ immensely contributed to the growth
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There are 3 perspectives on understanding the nature of workplace rules. They usually are referred to as ‘frames of reference’. The first debate on frames of references was made by Fox (1966)‚ when he described and showed the differences between unitary and pluralist approaches. Unitary approach is the system based on employers and his employees’ identity of interest. There is only one source of authority and one focus of loyalty. This is the reason that in unitary approach work is based on team
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Survey on Ethnic Relations 2011 Peninsular Malaysia 24 May – 8 June 2011 Perception towards Ethnic Relations: Sentiment‚ interaction & public policies Page 1 Methodology • Ethnic Relations Survey 2011 Peninsular Malaysia‚ n = 1013 May – June 2011 1013 randomly selected registered voters aged 21+ were interviewed via telephone for the survey Respondents were selected via random stratified sampling method along the lines of state of residence‚ ethnicity‚ gender and age • •
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II State boundaries have constituted a major topic in the tradition of political geography. Political geography ‘is concerned with the relationship between political power and geographical factors. It is interested in how geographical factors correlate with power‚ such as how land‚ air and sea power correlate with a country’s political‚ military and economic power. Its focus is on area or space and their physical‚ human and spatial (space-related) dimensions.’ The countries of the world can be divided
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EMPLOYEE RELATIONS 13/02/2014 A MARXIST (OR RADICAL) PERSPECTIVE OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP LOCATES ’THE ASYMMETRY OF POWER BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE’ AT THE HEART OF ITS ANALYSIS. (BLYTON AND TURNBULL‚ 2004: 34). The conviction that there exists a power imbalance in the employment relationship which gives employers a prejudicial benefit over employees takes its existence for several centuries. Karl Marx known for his theories and contributions related to the employment relations field‚ became
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views on International relations. One must stress out that the realist theory was a very much accepted and may even still be accepted because
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