Financial Performance The table below shows that the analysis of financial ratios. Types of Ratio Sub Ratio Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Kedah (PKNK) Syarikat Air Darul Aman (SADA) Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio 2.19 times - Quick Ratio 2.04 times - Cash Ratio 0.343 times - Efficiency Ratio Working Capital RM 189‚278‚871 RM 120‚434‚000 Inventory Turnover 1.3 times - Total Assets Turnover 0.078 times - Profitability Profit Margin 36.8% 7.94% Operating Margin 45
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INTERNAL PUBLIC AND EXTERNAL PUBLIC Public for public relations can be classified into categories: (A) Internal Public. (B) External Public. MEANING OF PUBLIC RELATIONS:- Public: Public is group of similar individuals‚ an assortment of person having similar interest‚ problems‚ goals and circumstances. It generally from such sources that OPINIONS emerge. Public comes in many forms and sizes. They have a multitude of desires and wants. Public has its own likes and dislikes
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sure that the intended meaning is conveyed by word choice. • Public - any group of people tied together by some common bond of interest or concern and who have consequences on an organization. - divided into nominatively‚ demographically and psychographically • psychographics refers to the various lifestyle‚ ie VALS (values‚ attitudes and lifestyles) • external public - exist outside an institution • internal public share the institutional identity • audience -people who are recipients
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical review a. The Nature and Classification of Public Expenditure b. Theories of Public Expenditure c. Causes\ Goals of Public Expenditure d. Effects Of Public Expenditure 3. Conclusion Introduction Economic theory postulates that government or the state has 5 basic functions: 1. Promotion of economic growth and development 2. Maintenance of price stability 3. Seek
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FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION I. Understanding Public Administration Meaning of Public Administration From a very broad perspective‚ public administration may be viewed to refer not only to those activities involved in carrying out or in implementing the policies and programs of the government but also the processes and contents of these policies and programs. Meaning of Public Administration From a broader perspective‚ public administration may refer to cooperative human
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Public Private Partnership (PPP or simply P3) - Nigeria’s New Paradigm for infrastructure Development By Bob M. Achanya President‚ Kogi PPP Forum Cooperative‚ North Central Nigeria. Introduction Public private partnership (PPP) has recently gained prominence as a term to describe a business relationship in which public and private resources are blended to achieve a goal or set of goals judged to be of mutual benefit both to the private entity and to the public. According to the UNECE (2008)
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CHAPTER ONE: DEFINING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading Chapter 1 in the textbook‚ the student should be able to: 1. Define public administration within the context of its four frames: a. Political b. Legal c. Managerial d. Occupational 2. Locate public administration within its interdisciplinary context. 3. Define the subject matter that forms the core of public administration. 4. Provide
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Public Accountability: The Philippine Experience Introduction Under a democracy such as in the Philippines‚ the people’s fundamental faith in the integrity of political institutions is what holds the system together even under the most difficult times. The present situation in the Philippines is a test of this principle. Whether or not the test is passed with success is a matter yet to be seen. However‚ at this stage‚ what could be gainfully learned from present experience is the knowledge
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Jake A Paredes Relationship between Public Administration and Public Management After reading the bulk of files downloaded from the internet about Public Administration and Public Management‚ I tried to analyzed their respective definitions and I realized that these two contexts have similarities and differences with each other. I also feel so interested to further dig up this subject matter for me to be able to clearly distinguish and how substantial one theory from the other. This subject
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Public administration is the implementation of government policy‚ and the academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service.[1] As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal... is to advance management and policies so that government can function."[2] Some of the various definitions which have been offered for the term are: "the management of public programs";[3] the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see
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