Lecture 1. Software Engineering Introduction‚ Objectives‚ Professional and ethical responsibility Objectives 1. To introduce software engineering and to explain its importance 2. To set out the answers to key questions about software engineering .3. To introduce ethical and professional issues and to explain why they are of concern to software engineers Software engineering The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software. More and more systems are software controlled.
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popular and society is becoming even more severely egoistic. Two examples or branches of consequentialism are egoism and utilitarianism. The definition of utilitarianism according to a dictionary website is the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility‚ and that conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons. Utilitarianism is simply‚ doing the most good for the most people. The definition of egoism is the habit of valuing everything only in
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Explain the differences between Act and Rule Utilitarianism Since it began‚ there have been two main exponents of Utilitarianism. They are Jeremy Bentham and J S Mill‚ and both of them base their own individual theories on the principle of utility‚ which defines something (an act‚ etc) dependent on if it achieves "the greatest happiness for the greatest number". This makes Utilitarianism a relativistic and consequentialist argument‚ as it takes into account only the outcome of events rather than
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Utilitarianism and Genetic Engineering In the past thirty years‚ humans are witnessing a huge revolution in the genetic engineering industry. Having identified most of the Human Genome‚ gene sequencing has become programmed and extremely fast‚ and laboratory techniques in molecular biology allow for in-vitro fertilization and transfer of genetic material. Gene therapy and repair based on stem cells research allows for replacement of a defected allele in the DNA‚ and even a whole damaged tissue in
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Issues—The Software Crisis 1. Introduction to Chapter The term "software crisis" has been used since the late 1960s to describe those recurring system development problems in which software development problems cause the entire system to be late‚ over budget‚ not responsive to the user and/or customer requirements‚ and difficult to use‚ maintain‚ and enhance. The late Dr. Winston Royce‚ in his paper Current Problems [1]‚ emphasized this situation when he said in 1991: The construction of new software that
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The moral theory of utilitarianism consists of welfarism‚ a theory of the good‚ and consequentialism‚ a theory of the right. Utilitarianism dictates that a moral action is one whose results bring about the greatest amount of welfare for all relevant parties. Though‚ at first glance‚ utilitarianism may be appealing (Who can disagree with the claim that promoting the welfare of all members of society is the right thing to do?)‚ upon further reflection‚ it is clear that utilitarianism has a few shortcomings—namely
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TORA Temporary-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) – An Operations Research Software TORA is an algorithm i.e. a mathematical set of instructions or programs (mathematical-software). It is an optimization system in the area of operations research which is very easy to use. Further‚ TORA is menu-driven and Windows-based which makes it very user friendly. The software can be executed in automated or tutorial mode. The automated mode reports the final solution of the problem‚ usually in the standard
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individual has different views and opinions towards different controversies. There are two main ethic theories that try to explicate and validate moral rules: utilitarianism and deontological theories. Euthanasia has brought out many disputes and is a continuous ethical code of conduct amongst society. The theories of utilitarianism and deontological differentiate a great deal. Utilitarian’s are goal oriented people; they believe in human action. A utilitarian believes that you should always
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Utilitarianism is a moral theory that was originally created by Jeremy Bentham that he hoped would help people make difficult moral decisions. There are three main types of utilitarianism: Act‚ Rule and Preference. The different forms of utilitarianism all have different ways of helping people make decisions. Jeremy Bentham was the creator of Act utilitarianism and believes that people should aim to create the largest amount of pleasure possible for the greatest number of people through their moral
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SOFTWARE TESTING SOFTWARE TESTING Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors. TESTING PRINCIPLES All tests should be traceable to customer requirements. Tests should be planned long before testing begins. The Pareto principle applies to software testing. Stated simply‚ the Pareto principle implies that 80 percent of all errors uncovered during testing will likely be traceable to 20 percent of all program components. TESTING PRINCIPLES Testing should begin
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