Chapter 38: Nursing Management: Vascular Disorders Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When discussing risk factor modification for a 63-year-old patient who has a 5-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm‚ the nurse will focus discharge teaching on which patient risk factor? a. Male gender b. Turner syndrome c. Abdominal trauma history d. Uncontrolled hypertension ANS: D All of the factors contribute to the patient’s risk‚ but only hypertension can potentially be modified to decrease the patient’s risk for further
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION This term refers to the death of a certain segment of the heart muscle (myocardium)‚ usually the result of a focal complete blockage in one of the main coronary arteries or a branch thereof. The main cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Refer to figure 70 for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This event results in impaired contractility of the heart muscle within seconds‚ and is initially restricted to the affected segment.
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The function of the cardiovascular system The Cardiovascular system circulates oxygen and nutrients to body cells and tissues. It also allows for removal of carbon dioxide and wastes from those cells and tissues. The cardiovascular system delivers hormones to targeted tissues‚ maintains body temperature‚ and helps defend the body. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart‚ blood and blood vessels. The heart is the pump of the cardiovascular system. It consists of 4 chambers‚ which is
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Renee A. McIver Margaret Case Study OB--Summer Semester 2016 In Margaret’s Case Study (3) possible causes for her sudden change in medical status could have been due to spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM)‚ anaphylactic reaction and acute hypotension. SROM is defined rupture of the fetal membranes on their own. This is often referred to by mother’s a “my water broke.” Anaphylactic reactions have a rapid onset and may cause death. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath and hypotension which
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Cold pressor test is widely used as test for auto- nomic functions. It has been used as diagnostic test for diseases like hypertension and other cardiac auto- nomic disorders. During cold pressor test ‚ the hand or foot is immersed in cold water bath held at a con- stant temperature at 80 C. Cold water immersion activates afferent pain and temperature neurons‚ re- sulting in a centrally mediated stimulation of sympa- thetic efferent neurons. In healthy subjects ‚ the CPT causes increase
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the heart is not able to pump enough oxygen and nutrition to meet the requirements of the body and it may be chronic or acute. Heart failure is caused by many disorders that injure the heart muscles including‚ heart attack‚ cardiomyopathy‚ coronary artery disease‚ and conditions that overwork the heart‚ such as high blood pressure‚ diabetes‚ thyroid problems and kidney problems. At the point when a heart starts to fail‚ it causes additional liquid to develop in the body‚ and is given swelling in the
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Cardio Pulmonary Practical The main aim of the practical was to assess‚ what affects did light exercise have on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure‚ heart and respiration rate‚ tidal volume‚ minute volume and percentage of gas. The readings were taken before exercise‚ during exercise and after exercise. Blood pressure is defined as the amount of pressure exerted on the vessels walls‚ during blood flow. Blood pressure can be measured using a sphygmomanometer. The upper value indicates the
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of Coronary Artery Disease Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis caused by a build-up of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. (Arteriosclerosis is a general term for thickening or hardening of the arteries.) (Porth 2005) Plaque is made up of deposits of fatty substances‚ cholesterol‚ cellular waste products‚ calcium‚ and fibrin‚ and can develop in medium or large arteries. The artery wall becomes thickened and looses its elasticity. (Fraser 2000) The wall of an artery is composed
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CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. Surgeons use CABG to treat people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. Over time‚ plaque can harden or rupture (break open). Hardened plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood
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streak‚ which is due to an accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the intimal layer of the artery. With time‚ the fatty streak evolves into a fibrous plaque‚ the hallmark of established atherosclerosis. Ultimately the lesion may evolve to contain large amounts of lipid; if it becomes unstable‚ denudation of overlying endothelium‚ or plaque rupture‚ may result in thrombotic occlusion of the overlying artery. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Atherosclerosis/Pages/Causes.aspx Obesity Being overweight
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