1 Angle Modulation Angle modulation is the process in which the instantaneous angle of the carrier signal is changed according to the instantaneous amplitude of modulating or message signal. Carrier Signal‚ The instantane ous frequency is f i ( t ) = lim f ∆ t ( t ) ∆t → 0 1 d θ i (t ) 2π dt For an unmodulate d carrier‚ θ i ( t ) is = θ i ( t ) = 2π f c t + φ c ‚ where φ c is constant There are two ways of varying the angle of the carrier: By varying the frequency‚ ωc – Frequency
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FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER GOHHANSHIN Tesis Dikemukan Kepada Fakulti Kejuruteraan‚ Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Sebagai Memenuhi Sebahagian daripada Syarat Penganugerahan Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Dengan Kepujian (Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Telekomunikasi) September 1998 DEDICATION To my beloved parents‚ family and friends. it I ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost‚ I would like to express my high gratitude to my supervisor Madam Park Young Soon for
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the Stroop task‚ specifically‚ a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. The counting Stroop task‚ likewise‚ was a factor in this experiment‚ agreeably a cognitive interference task. Eight volunteers agreed to test attention modulation pain in humans. A 3 T human MRI scanner conducted the scan of subjects. Functional imaging data covering the
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in society. It will continue by providing the necessary mathematical background of the modulation process. Furthermore‚ it will enumerate some of the advantages of FM over other forms of modulation‚ namely AM. Finally‚ the paper will discuss the design of a basic FM receiver as well as introduce some circuits and circuit components which the reader may not be familiar with. Introduction Frequency modulation (FM) was invented in 1936 by an American electrical engineer/ inventor named Edwin H
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to increase the signal strength. Digital approach for implementation of QPSK Modulation is attempted here and compared with existing systems. Simulation and characterization is done to freeze design parameters. The system mainly concentrates on parameter like performance‚ security‚ minimum size and cost saving which will be the future of satellite communications. 1. INTRODUCTION In satellite communication‚ modulation is necessary to transfer the information between satellite and the earth. Free-space
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ELECTRONICS‚ VOL. 59‚ NO. 7‚ JULY 2012 2745 Efficiency-Optimized High-Current Dual Active Bridge Converter for Automotive Applications Florian Krismer‚ Student Member‚ IEEE‚ and Johann W. Kolar‚ Fellow‚ IEEE Abstract—An efficiency-optimized modulation scheme and design method are developed for an existing hardware prototype of a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter. The DAB being considered is used for an automotive application and is made up of a high-voltage port with port
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communication systems and evolution throughout the years. Introduction Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing. The basic idea of OFDM to transport information is using a large number of parallel narrow-band subcarrier instead of single wide-band carrier .The basic concept of the OFDM is very simple . Data is transmitted in parallel on a
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ijera.com Vol. 3‚ Issue 2‚ March -April 2013‚ pp.401-409 Twisted Amplitude Phase Shift Keying ABSTRACT Several modulation techniques are defined in digital modulation‚ Here we are discussing about in four modulation techniques‚8-PSK‚8-TAPSK‚16TAPSK and 16-QAM. In the paper we derive minimum non coherent distance(dnc)of block coded TAPSK and compare it with different modulation techniques‚ i.e. 8-PSK and 16-QAM using linear component codes. If the block length N is very small.NBC-16-TAPSK performs
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Chapter 4 DC to AC Conversion (INVERTER) • General concept • Basic principles/concepts • Single-phase inverter – Square wave – Notching – PWM • Harmonics • Modulation • Three-phase inverter DC to AC Converter (Inverter) • DEFINITION: Converts DC to AC power by switching the DC input voltage (or current) in a pre-determined sequence so as to generate AC voltage (or current) output. • TYPICAL APPLICATIONS: – Un-interruptible power supply (UPS)‚ Industrial (induction motor) drives‚ Traction
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ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APIIT Diploma Part 2 Group Assignment HSDPA [High Speed Downlink Packet Access] Prepared By Nadeesha. De. Jeodth [CB003805] Kasun Alahakoon [CB003855] Dasun De Silva [CB003898] Module Code & Title Telecommunications [AICT005-3-2-TELEC] Cohort DF10A2-ICT Date Assigned: 7th July 2011 Date of Submission: 2nd September 2011
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