org/ Copyright © T.Pettinger 2011. All Rights Reserved (For single use license only) www.economicshelp.org Micro Economic Essays Market Structure 1. Discuss how firms within an oligopolistic market compete. 2. Discuss whether monopoly is always an undesirable form of market structure. 3. Explain how interdependence and uncertainty affect the behaviour of firms in Oligopolistic markets 4. Evaluate the view that only producers‚ and not consumers‚ benefit when oligopolistic firms
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price NEOCALSSICAL THEORY: Static conception‚ focus on long-run According to Schumpeter and the Austrian School‚ the fact that a firm earns an abnormal profit (monopoly) profit does not constitute evidence that the firm is guilty of abusing its market(monopoly) power at the expense of consumer: entrepreneur‚ creative destruction monopoly status is only a temporary phenomenon competition is a dynamic process Disequilibrium reflects imperfect information or ignorance on the part of buyers and sellers
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Market Structure o Perfect (pure) competition Price–taking firms each with no influence over the ruling market price (see diagram below) Free entry and exist of businesses in the long run – drives down profits towards a normal profit equilibrium level Each supplier produces homogeneous products – each a perfect substitute – hence the perfectly elastic demand curve for the individual supplier Key factor - interdependent nature of pricing decisions between rival firms Each firm must consider
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John Arnold Econ 102 Midterm: (essays of 250-500 words per chapter; per the syllabus) Globalization Economics Chapters 1-4 Chapter 1: Globalization in General & Globalization Economics in Particular This chapter gives an over view concept of what globalization entails. The chapter gives a great description and definition of the concept: “Globalization is a holistic‚ or systematic‚ set of structures‚ dynamics‚ functions or goals‚ internal constraints‚ and external impediments”. All of this
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INTRODUCTION Pure monopoly and perfect competition are two extreme cases of market structure. In reality‚ there are markets having large number of producers competing with each other in order to sell their product in the market. Thus‚ there is monopoly on the one hand and perfect competition‚ on the other hand. Such a mixture of monopoly and perfect competition is called monopolistic competition. It is a case of imperfect competition. The model of monopolistic competition describes a common market
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Internal economies of scale -- Savings in cost as firm expands. Created by firms’ own policies and actions. All must link back to lowering AC 1. Technical Economies of scale (Technical and engineering factors) • Factor indivisibility Economies • Make full use of large equipments • Economies arising from increased dimensions • Larger dimensions. Container principle>>Doubling of area more than doubles the volume • linked process economies • Takes a product through several stages of production‚ saves
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Markets in Practice Market structures affect the economic outcomes for producers and consumers. Students investigate the features of the following market structures: perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ and monopoly. (Note that a knowledge of cost and revenue curves is not required.) Students evaluate market structures in terms of meeting the needs of consumers and producers‚ using criteria that include price‚ choice‚ quality‚ efficiency‚ profitability‚ and use of new technology
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THE UTILITY CONCEPT THE term utility refers to satisfaction a consumer gets from whatever goods and services he consumes. It will be useful to discuss between two utility concepts: (i) total utility (ii) marginal utility Total utility attained from a commodity refers to the sum total of satisfaction which a consumer receives by consuming the various units of the commodity. The more units he consumes‚ the greater will be his total satisfaction upto a certain point. As he keeps on
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Running head: PORTER’S STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Porter Five Forces Analysis Managerial Economics – MBA 500 Instructor: Professor Franklin By: LaTonya Perryman Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Concordia University Wisconsin November 1‚ 2011 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………3 Michael Porter’s Strategic Framework…...……………..……………………..………3 The Long-run Efficiency Implications of an Oligopoly……………………………
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ISSN 1045-6333 THE SHAREHOLDER WEALTH MAXIMIZATION NORM AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION Mark J. Roe Discussion Paper No. 339 11/2001 Harvard Law School Cambridge‚ MA 02138 The Center for Law‚ Economics‚ and Business is supported by a grant from the John M. Olin Foundation. This paper can be downloaded without charge from: The Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series: http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/ SHAREHOLDER WEALTH MAXIMIZATION JEL Class: D42‚ G32
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