. Update Article NSAIDs and Kidney P Ejaz‚ K Bhojani‚ VR Joshi* Abstract NSAIDs are commonly used drugs. Even with the advent of selective COX-2 inhibitors‚ nephrotoxicity still remains a concern. The adverse effects of NSAIDs are mediated via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by non-specific blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase leading to vasoconstriction and reversible mild renal impairment in volume contracted states. When unopposed‚ this may lead to acute tubular
Premium Kidney Renal failure Hypertension
The brain and the spinal cord of the central nervous system are buffered by a number of protective layers known as the meninges. These include three main membranes of connective tissue including: the dura mater‚ the arachnoid layer and the pia mater [6]. The two innermost layers‚ collectively known as the leptomeninges‚ include the pia mater and the arachnoid mater that buffer the brain and spinal cord [7]. As indicated in image III below‚ the subarachnoid space is the area located between the
Premium Blood Heart Nervous system
Cleansing a Dirty Fredric "The most beautiful as well as the most ugly inclinations of man are not part of a fixed biologically given human nature‚ but result from the social process which creates man." -Erich Fromm. Fromm is depicting exactly what A Farewell to Arms illustrates‚ which is that men are born neither good nor evil instead their actions define them. This is much like the philosophies of the Sophists like Jean Paul Sartre who also said that the existence of man comes before the essence
Premium Cleanliness Washing Hygiene
experiment * Iodine solution and some powders are hazardous. * Wash hands when you have finished. Materials * Eye protection * Well plate * 6 small toothpicks for stirring each powder * 6 white powders: icing sugar‚ cornstarch‚ Aspirin powder‚ baking soda‚ baking powder‚ and the mystery powder * Scoopula * Test solutions in dropper bottles: water‚ universal indicator‚ vinegar‚ and iodine solution
Premium Starch Water Sodium bicarbonate
number of molecules of the chromosphere‚ through which the light pass. Aims: The aim of the experiment is to calculate the concentration of copper sulpate which gives the absorbance for each concentration and learn the techniques of using the spectrophotometry to detect the absorbance at the specific wavelength by the light . In addition‚ to perform dilutions and relate concentrations obtained for diluted materials to the concentrations of the undiluted products also understand Beer Lambert law and
Premium Electromagnetic radiation Spectroscopy Electromagnetic spectrum
Worked solutions to student book questions Chapter 4 Analysing acids and bases Q1. Antacid tablets should normally be chewed before they are swallowed. Why? A1. Antacid tablets are normally chewed to provide a larger surface area for faster reaction with stomach acids. Q2. A laboratory test to determine how much hydrochloric acid is neutralised by a brand of antacid does not give a complete picture of its effectiveness in the stomach. What other factors might be important? A2. Other factors to
Premium Sodium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid PH
the chemical components of Excedrin and Tylenol‚ two common‚ over-the-counter analgesic drugs‚ were determined by utilizing the technique of thin-layer chromatography‚ or TLC. The active ingredients of Excedrin were caffeine‚ acetaminophen‚ and aspirin with Rf values of 0.11‚ 0.38‚ and 0.61‚ respectively. The lone active ingredient of Tylenol was acetaminophen with an Rf value of 0.39. The elution sequence obtained in the experiment is as follows: ibuprofen (least polar)‚ acetylsalicylic acid‚ acetaminophen
Premium
By Spectrophotometric Analysis Objectives: 1.Solid sample handling 2.The composition of a three-component mixture will be assayed by dissolution of the soluble components in water and measurement of their individual concentrations by visible spectrophotometry. Text Reference: Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry‚ Frank Settle‚ editor. Prentice Hall‚ ‚ Upper Saddle River‚ NJ 1997‚ Ch 25. H.H. Willard‚ et. al. Instrumental Methods of Analysis‚ 7th edition‚ Wadsworth Publishing
Premium Concentration Absorbance
Prozac was the first SSRI drug to hit the market in the U.S in 1988 and by 2005‚ SSRI drugs were the most prescribed. About a dozen of SSRIs are prescribed‚ such as Paxil‚ Zoloft and Prozac. SSRIs are supposed to have fewer side effects than older antidepressants since SSRIs only increase the serotonin levels in the brain. SSRIs have many common side effects‚ including sexual side effects‚ such as a repressed libido‚ erectile dysfunction and difficult achieving orgasm‚ for men and women‚ fatigue
Premium Pregnancy Childbirth Fetus
CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE 105 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting‚ measuring‚ and/or monitoring chlorine dioxide and chlorite‚ its metabolites‚ and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to chlorine dioxide and chlorite. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather‚ the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis
Premium Chlorine Analytical chemistry Oxide