and the external carotid artery (ECA). Blood supply to the brain is mainly through the internal carotid artery and the vertebral arteries (1). Blood flow to the brain is affected by carotid artery disease. Carotid artery disease is the narrowing (stenosis) or blockage (occlusion) of the carotid arteries. Carotid artery disease is a common problem and a major cause of stroke. Carotid artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis (plaque) Atherosclerosis cannot be prevented‚ but the progression of the
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MSc in Cardiology 2010-2011-CVSM 5001 Basic Cardiology (28 Dec 2010) Objectives of this Lecture Termination of Pregnancy: Ethical and Practical Consideration Tam‚ Wing Hung Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology CUHK 1. Importance of pre‐conceptional counselling for patients with cardiac disease 2. Conditions for TOP 3. Legal aspect of TOP 4. Methods of TOP 5. Risk of TOP: specific to cardiac patient 6. An example of cardiomyopathy Physiological Changes • Increase in the intravascular volume
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Potassium is one of the body’s major ions. Nearly 98% of the body’s potassium is intracellular. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium is important in determining the cellular membrane potential. Small changes in the extracellular potassium level can have profound effects on the function of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. The kidney determines potassium homeostasis‚ and excess potassium is excreted in the urine. The reference range for serum potassium level is 3
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HYPNOTHERAPY Hypnotherapy attempts to address an individual’s subconscious mind‚ using the power of suggestion for beneficial change. A hypnotherapist uses hypnosis to give relevant‚ positive beneficial suggestions to help an individual bring about the change they desire. Although hypnotherapy is not the same as sleep (the individual will still have awareness and control)‚ hypnotherapists often require the individual to be in a deeply relaxed state to enable them to use
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Peyton Manning is the greatest quarterback of all time due to his upbringing of a quarterback family. His dad Archie Manning was a quarterback at Ole Miss from 1967-1970 and went to the NFL draft in 1971. In the draft‚ he was the second pick in the very first round by the New Orleans Saints. Archie played for them from 1971-1975 and then back again from 1977-1982. Archie was then sent to the Houston Oilers and then to the Minnesota Vikings. He retired in 1984‚ but during his NFL career‚ he had three
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GASTRITIS Gastritis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or erosion of the lining of the stomach. It is characterized by gastric mucosal damage represented by inflammation processes‚ degenerative metaplasia‚ allergic processes. Gastritis comes in two forms and they are: * Acute Gastritis It involves the superficial erosion of the gastric mucosa. With acute gastritis‚ it is self- limiting. Regeneration of the mucosa occurs within 24 to 72 hours. * Chronic Gastritis
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9. The spleen is situated in the: A. Right Upper Hypocondrium B. Left Upper Hypochondrium‚ protected by ribs IX-XI C. D. E. 18. The pancreatic duct of the pancreas A. Joins the common hepatic duct B. Begins in the tail of the pancreas C. Empties to the duodenum at minor duodenal papilla D. Can be closed by sphincter of Oddi E. After entering the pancreatic head turns superiorly 42. The common hepatic duct: A. Drains the bile and pancreatic secretion B. Is formed by fusion of hepatic and cystic
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problems Edited by S‚ M Lewis M‚ Mclean S‚ R Pirksen Walsh‚ M (2002) Watson’s Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences Elsevier Science Ltd. W‚ Wisselink. T‚ F Panetta (2000) Primary Care; Chapter 58 Stroke‚ Transient Ischemic Attacks and Carotid Stenosis. W‚ S Smith. J Claibourne Johnston. D‚ Easton (2001) Harrisons Internal Medicine; Chapter 349 Cerebrovascular Disease. A‚ M Karch (2000) Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide Lippincott.
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Most likely diagnosis considering the clinical picture Localised chest pain over the sternum is a common symptom and can be an indicator of a large assembly of conditions. Commonly seen in cardiac diseases including angina pectoris‚ myocardial infarction and pericarditis (Patient.info‚ 2017). As well as in disorders of the gastroesophageal‚ psychiatric and pulmonary diseases; pneumothorax‚ gastro-oesophageal reflux disease‚ pleurisy‚ panic attack and pulmonary embolism (Kaski‚ 2016; Eslick‚ Jones
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the heart are not accurate and happen to interchanged. What additional heart anomaly is the cardiologist likely to find on echocardiography? Coarctation of aorta Ventricular septal defect Overriding aorta Atrial septal defect Pulmonary valve stenosis Explanation: Correct Answer (B): The baby boy in this case is noted to have transposition of his great vessels (TGA). Which means that the aorta originates from the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle. In
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