IT433 Data Warehousing and Data Mining — Data Preprocessing — 1 Data Preprocessing • Why preprocess the data? • Descriptive data summarization • Data cleaning • Data integration and transformation • Data reduction • Discretization and concept hierarchy generation • Summary 2 Why Data Preprocessing? • Data in the real world is dirty – incomplete: lacking attribute values‚ lacking certain attributes of interest‚ or containing only aggregate data • e.g.‚ occupation=“ ”
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Secondary data refers to the data which an investigator does not collect himself for his purpose rather he obtains them from some other source‚ agency or office. In other words‚ this data has already been collected by some other source and an investigator makes use of it for his purpose. Secondary data is different from primary data on the basis of the sources of their collection. The difference between the two is relative - data which is primary at one place become secondary at another place.
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Collecting‚ Reviewing‚ and Analyzing Secondary Data WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA REVIEW AND ANALYSIS? Secondary data analysis can be literally defined as second-hand analysis. It is the analysis of data or information that was either gathered by someone else (e.g.‚ researchers‚ institutions‚ other NGOs‚ etc.) or for some other purpose than the one currently being considered‚ or often a combination of the two (Cnossen 1997). If secondary research and data analysis is undertaken with care and diligence
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Business Structure 2 Sole Proprietorships 2 Partnerships 2 Limited Liability Companies 2 Corporations 2 Identification Numbers 3 Taxes 3 Recordkeeping 3 Assets 3 Business Checkbook 4 Tax Year 4 Insurance 4 Guidelines for Potential Store Owners Preliminary Draft Campbell’s Confections often receives requests from individuals to open and manage a new candy store. To help prospective owners‚ Campbell’s Confections has prepared a guide to provide answers
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Business Research EthicsDavid ZapataRES 351July 17‚ 2014Dr. Emma MillerBusiness Research EthicsAn article of interest that I found on our university library is about‚ Joseph J. C. DiCarlo‚ a mayor of Boston‚ Massachusetts. Joseph J.C. DiCarlo was found guilty of embezzling $40‚000 from a consulting firm in New York for suppressing a legislative report. This report unfavorably criticized the firm’s construction contracts. Joseph J.C. DiCarlo already had a tarnished reputation of a corrupt official
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Big data describes innovative methods and technologies to capture‚ distribute‚ manage and analyze larger-sized data sets with high rate and diverse structures that conventional data management methods are unable to handle. Digital data is now everywhere—in every sector public or private‚ economy‚ organization and customer of digital technology. There are many ways that big data can be used to create value across sectors of the global economy. It has demonstrated the capacity to improve predictions
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CHAPTER 7 Revenue and Collection Cycle LEARNING OBJECTIVES Review Checkpoints Exercises‚ Problems‚ and Simulations 1. Discuss inherent risks related to the revenue and collection cycle with a focus on improper revenue recognition. 1‚ 2‚ 3 59 2. Describe the revenue and collection cycle‚ including typical source documents and controls. 4‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7‚ 8 54‚ 55‚ 61‚ 63‚ 64‚ 66 3. Give examples of tests of controls over customer credit approval‚ delivery‚ and
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ROOH AFZA Hamdard is one the increasing number of organizations who recognize and value their brands as strategic assets that are built through deeds‚ not merely words or images. While there has been a noticeable increase in more traditional marketing and communications among product and service companies‚ marketers at Hamdard believe that the right starting point is a thorough examination of how the brand is built today. It begins with identifying each point of interaction‚ or brand “touch point
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Patrick Cunningham ITM220-J November 8‚ 2013 Big Data Big Data‚ an inspirational novel about the collection and processing of massive amounts of data was eye-opening and encouraging. This collection of data over a long period of time has been processed and used towards many different aspects throughout the world. Dilemmas such as tracking the H1N1 virus‚ to buying the most inexpensive plane tickets‚ all the way to predicting dangerous manholes explosions have all been processed and tabulated
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ITE 221 – Project#1 – Data Representation http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/d11h6832%28v=VS.71%29.aspx Class library of the .NET Framework for Microsoft. 1. What is a data structure? A data structure is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common processing and is defined and manipulated in software. 2. What is a library? A library contains resources for developing software. These resources could be pre-written code‚ subroutines‚ classes‚ values
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