Hypothesis testing begins with the assumption that randomization is used to collect quantitative data about the sample and that the distribution of this data has a normal shape. Significance tests state two explanations‚ or hypotheses‚ about a parameter. One‚ called the null hypothesis‚ states that the parameter equals some value (usually 0). The other‚ called the alternative hypothesis‚ states that the parameter is greater than‚ less than or (not) equal to the value stated in the null hypothesis
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Stock Market Prices Do Not Follow Random Walks: Evidence from a Simple Specification Test Andrew W. Lo A. Craig MacKinlay University of Pennsylvania In this article we test the random walk hypothesis for weekly stock market returns by comparing variance estimators derived from data sampled at different frequencies. The random walk model is strongly rejected for the entire sample period (19621985) and for all subperiod for a variety of aggregate returns indexes and size-sorted portofolios. Although
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Unethical Research in the Pharmaceutical Industry Lyndsae Erdmann RES/351 01/19/15 James Bankston Unethical Research in the Pharmaceutical Industry The Pharmaceutical drug companies have a tendency to focus more on the sales and revenue than the research of any given product. This trend leads to misrepresentation of crucial scientific research on products. “A wide variety of research practices has been described as being used to distort the medical literature in favor of a clinical trial sponsor’s
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DIRECTIONAL RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Let’s consider a different situation—one involving a different alternative or research hypothesis. In this instance‚ let’s assume that we expect to discover that rural residents have higher religious participation scores than urban residents. Since we’re now hypothesizing (in the form of the research or alternative hypothesis) that the rural residents will have higher religious participation scores than the urban residents‚ we are specifying the direction of the
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Chosen Topic-“Effective treatment for chemical dependency” Hypothesis- “Is PTSD related to those suffering with co-occurring disorders” Null Hypothesis- “Individuals with co-occurring disorders do not suffer from PTSD” Alternate Hypothesis- “Individuals with co-occurring disorders do suffer from PTSD” Below are five peer-reviewed articles that I will use for my research study for the effectiveness of counseling for individuals who suffer with PTSD‚ mental health issues and substance use disorder
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The Primordial Soup Hypothesis‚ otherwise known as "The Primordial Soup Theory‚" was developed by the Russian chemist A.I. Oparin and English geneticist J.B.S. Haldane. Oparin & Haldane(1920) formed this idea separately though. In this theory‚ the basic aspects of life all came from simple molecules that formed in the atmosphere with the addition of oxygen. They believed that Earth had a chemically reducing atmosphere. This produced monomers. These monomers formed a "soup‚" that developed organic
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endothermic reaction by mixing water and one of many possible chemicals. In the scientists’ experiment they will find out which chemical will keep the water cold the longest. The independent variable for the experiment is the amount of chemicals (in teaspoons) added to each cup of water‚ while the dependent variable is the temperature of the water before and after the experiment‚ and the constant will be the cup of water that will have no chemicals added. If one teaspoon of ammonium chloride‚ calcium
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Permanent Income Hypothesis Introduction The basic idea is that people’s income has a random element to it and also a known element to it and that people try to smooth the random part using saving and borrowing. Hence‚ we need to distinguish between permanent income and transitory income. Example: Suppose that you are working and receive an annual salary of twenty thousand dollar. Suppose that you expect to get that salary every year in the future. Then twenty thousand dollar represents the
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Implications for tests of market efficiency and serial correlation in returns‚ Journal of Financial Economics 25‚ 51-74. Balvers‚ Ronald J.‚ Thomas F. Cosimano‚ and Bill McDonald‚ 1990‚ Predicting stock returns in an efficient market‚ Journal of Finance 45‚ 1109-1128. Banz‚ Rolf W.‚ 1981‚ The relationship between return and market value of common stocks‚ Journal of Financial Economics 9‚ 3-18. Basu‚ Sanjoy‚ 1977‚ Investment performance of common stocks in relation to their price-earnings ratios: A test of the
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IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE WAY INCORPORATING THE REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED FARMLAND? Contents Description Page Contents 2 Abstract 3 Experiment 1 : Krommelboog Farm (soil quality when using Holistic Management) 4 • Aim 4 • Hypothesis 4 • Method 4 • Results 4/5 Conclusion 5 Experiment 2 : Krommelboog Farm (water movement) 6 • Aim 6 • Water Table 6 • Conclusion 6 The process of herding and shepherding on Krommelboog Farm 7 • Aim 7 • The process of herding 7 Time Experiment
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