CHAPTER 12 ROUTING IN SWITCHED NETWORKS A NSWERS TO Q UESTIONS 12.1 The average load expected over the course of the busiest hour of use during the course of a day. 12.2 The tradeoff is between efficiency and resilience. 12.3 A static routing strategy does not adapt to changing conditions on the network but uses a fixed strategy developed ahead of time. With alternate routing‚ there are a number of alternate routes between source and destination and a dynamic choice of routes is
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Data Representation Data and instructions that are presented in a written or typed format can only be understood by the user. If the data is not in the user’s language‚ s/he will not be able to understand it. It is the same way with the computer; the computer’s language is binary 0s and 1s. The computer cannot understand typed or written instructions or data. Whenever data or instructions or input to the computer it is first converted to 0s and 1s‚ these are called binary digits (bits). There
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Data transmission‚ digital transmission‚ or digital communications is the physical transfer of data (a digital bit stream) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires‚ optical fibres‚ wireless communication channels‚ and storage media. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal‚ such as an electrical voltage‚ radiowave‚ microwave‚ or infrared signal. Data representation can be divided into two categories: Digital
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DATA COMMUNICATION (Basics of data communication‚ OSI layers.) K.K.DHUPAR SDE (NP-II) ALTTC ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 1 Data Communications History • 1838: Samuel Morse & Alfred Veil Invent Morse Code Telegraph System • 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invented Telephone • 1910:Howard Krum developed Start/Stop Synchronisation ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 2 History of Computing • 1930: Development of ASCII Transmission Code • 1945: Allied Governments develop the First Large Computer
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its simplest terms‚ the translation of data into a secret code. In order to read an encrypted file‚ the receiver of the file must obtain a secret key that will enable him to decrypt the file. A deeper look into cryptography‚ cryptanalysis‚ and the Data Encryption Standard (DES) will provide a better understanding of data encryption. Cryptographic Methods There are two standard methods of cryptography‚ asymmetric encryption and symmetric encryption. Data that is in its original form (unscrambled)
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Data migration • Data migration is the process of transferring data between storage types‚ formats‚ or computer systems. • Data migration is usually performed programmatically to achieve an automated migration‚ freeing up human resources from tedious tasks. • It is required when organizations or individuals change computer systems or upgrade to new systems. • To achieve an effective data migration procedure‚ data on the old system is mapped to the new system providing a design
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Module 815 Data Structures Using C M. Campbell © 1993 Deakin University Module 815 Data Structures Using C Aim After working through this module you should be able to create and use new and complex data types within C programs. Learning objectives After working through this module you should be able to: 1. Manipulate character strings in C programs. 2. Declare and manipulate single and multi-dimensional arrays of the C data types. 3. Create‚ manipulate and manage C pointers
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BCSCCS 303 R03 DATA STRUCTURES (Common for CSE‚ IT and ICT) L T P CREDITS 3 1 0 4 UNIT - I (15 Periods) Pseudo code & Recursion: Introduction – Pseudo code – ADT – ADT model‚ implementations; Recursion – Designing recursive algorithms – Examples – GCD‚ factorial‚ fibonnaci‚ Prefix to Postfix conversion‚ Tower of Hanoi; General linear lists – operations‚ implementation‚ algorithms UNIT - II (15 Periods)
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Todd M. Austin and Gurindar S. Sohi Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin-Madison 1210 W. Dayton Street Madison‚ WI 53706 faustin sohig@cs.wisc.edu A quantitative analysis of program execution is essential to the computer architecture design process. With the current trend in architecture of enhancing the performance of uniprocessors by exploiting ne-grain parallelism‚ rst-order metrics of program execution‚ such as operation frequencies‚ are not su cient characterizing the exact nature
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processing and manipulating data for public and private sectors‚ small and large business enterprise and social institutions. Related Literature Foreign “Information system analysis and design is a complex‚ challenging and stimulating process that team of business and system professionals use to develop and maintain computer-based system. Although an advance design of information system is driven from an organizational perspective. Information system analysis and design is therefore an organizational
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