1.1 Pendahuluan Penyelidikan selalu dikaitkan dengan data numerika. Melalui penyelidikan kuantitatif‚ data numerika yang dikumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan ujian statistik. Variabel-variabel dalam sesuatu fenomena di bawah kajian dioperasikan dan masalah kajian dinyatakan dalam bentuk hipotesis. Oleh itu sebelum penyelidik memulakan kajian merea perlulah mematuhi beberapa peringkat prosedur menjalan penyelidikan. Semua ini dapaat diringkaskan sebagaiman di bawah: i. Mengenal pasti
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the rate has risen over 64% in four months time. Management has not been able to determine the root of the employee discontent‚ increased sick time‚ and poor work habits. The lower performance has caused clients to complain. Data Collection Instrument: The data collection tool to let workers express their views about their experiences at BIMS is an employee survey instrument. The survey collects information on attitudes‚ opinions‚ and levels of satisfaction from the 449 employees because
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circle graph to show how the percent of Grade 9 students rose by 10% and the percent of Grade 11 students fell by 10% the following year. Compare graphs. 2. Analyze the following box-and-whisker plot. What are the median value for the whole sample‚ the median values for each half‚ and the range? 3. Students in Mrs. Singh’s math class were asked if they can watch television and do math homework at the same time. According to the results shown on the right‚ are males or females
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statistics‚ a sample is a subset of a population. Typically‚ the population is very large‚ making a census or a complete enumeration of all the values in the population impractical or impossible. The sample represents a subset of manageable size. Samples are collected and statistics are calculated from the samples so that one can make inferences or extrapolations from the sample to the population. This process of collecting information from a sample is referred to as sampling. A complete sample is a set
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IT433 Data Warehousing and Data Mining — Data Preprocessing — 1 Data Preprocessing • Why preprocess the data? • Descriptive data summarization • Data cleaning • Data integration and transformation • Data reduction • Discretization and concept hierarchy generation • Summary 2 Why Data Preprocessing? • Data in the real world is dirty – incomplete: lacking attribute values‚ lacking certain attributes of interest‚ or containing only aggregate data • e.g.‚ occupation=“ ”
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1. What is information reach? A. A global public network of computer networks that pass information from one to another using common computer protocols B. Refers to the depth and breadth of information transferred between customers and businesses C. Refers to the number of people a business can communicate with‚ on a global basis D. Occurs when those with access to technology have great advantages over those without access to technology Response Feedback：This is the definition of information reach
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Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy‚ missing‚ and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple‚ heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. “How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and‚ consequently‚ of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the efficiency and ease
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to run on any browser and on Windows platform. CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2.1 INTRODUCTION Systems analysis is a process of collecting factual data‚ understand the processes involved‚ identifying problems and recommending feasible suggestions for improving the system functioning. This involves studying the business processes‚ gathering operational data‚ understand the information flow‚ finding out bottlenecks and evolving solutions for overcoming the weaknesses of the system so as to achieve
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CHAPTER 17 DATA MODELING AND DATABASE DESIGN SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 17.1 Why is it not necessary to model activities such as entering information about customers or suppliers‚ mailing invoices to customers‚ and recording invoices received from suppliers as events in an REA diagram? The REA data model is used to develop databases that can meet both transaction
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PART I WHAT IS RESEARCH DESIGN? 1 THE CONTEXT OF DESIGN Before examining types of research designs it is important to be clear about the role and purpose of research design. We need to understand what research design is and what it is not. We need to know where design ®ts into the whole research process from framing a question to ®nally analysing and reporting data. This is the purpose of this chapter. Description and explanation Social researchers ask two fundamental types of research
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