Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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1. Pricing decisions Factors to consider when setting prices All profit organizations and many non profit organizations must set prices on their products or services. Simply defined‚ price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. More broadly‚ price is the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. A company ’s pricing decisions are affected both by internal company factors and by external environmental factors. These factors
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(a) A firm produces three products. Product A sells for $60; its variable costs are $20. Product B sells for $200; its variable costs are $120. Product C sells for $25; its variable costs are $10. Last year‚ the firm sold 1000 units of A‚ 2000 units of B‚ and 10‚000 units of C. The firm has fixed costs of $320‚000 per year. Calculate the break-even point of the firm. Selling Variable price cost (P) (V) $60 $20 $200 $120 $25 $10 TOTAL ASSIGNMENT NO. 2 Product A B C V/P 0.33 0.60 0.40 1V/P
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Transportation Cost & Pricing Transportation Cost & Pricing Compare and contrast the cost structures of rail‚ motor carriers‚ and air. When you compare the rail cost structure to that of the cost structures of the motor‚ and air carriers‚ you will see that the rail carriers have a high structure cost. “One of the characteristics of railroads as previously noted is the level of fixed costs present in their cost structures.” (Coyle‚ 2011) These fixed cost exists because the ownership of
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fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have on the pricing decisions of export marketing managers? Globalization is no longer an abstraction but a stark reality that virtually all firms‚ large and a small‚ face. Firms that want to survive in the 21st century must confront all encompassing force that pervades every aspect of business. However‚ exchange rate fluctuation is an issue that affects the decisions marketing managers make about pricing. Management faces different decision situations‚ depending on
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True False 2. In a performance report‚ actual costs should be compared to budgeted costs at the original budgeted activity level. True False 3. The overhead spending variance and the overhead efficiency variance are useful only if variable overhead really should be proportional to the activity measure that is being used in the flexible budget. True False 4. The variable overhead efficiency variance reflects how efficiently variable overhead resources were used. True False 5. A reason for
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Bridgeton Assignment 1. The overhead allocation rate used in the 1987 model year strategy study at the Automotive Component & Fabrication Plant (ACF) was 435% of direct labor dollar cost. Calculate the overhead allocation rate using the 1987 model year budget. Why do you get different numbers? 2. Calculate the overhead allocation rate for each of the model years 1988 through 1990. Are the changes since 1987 in overhead allocation rates significant? Why have these changes occurred? 3
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Choosing the Wrong Pricing Strategy Can Be a Costly Mistake: Knowledge@Wharton (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=792) Choosing the Wrong Pricing Strategy Can Be a Costly Mistake Published : June 04‚ 2003 in Knowledge@Wharton Prices have been at the center of human interaction ever since traders in ancient Mesopotamia -- our modern-day Iraq -- began keeping records. Who doesn’t love to guess what something costs – or argue about what something ought to cost? So it
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How do banks allocate their costs from the back office to the front office? On what basis are the costs allocated? On what basis do you think would be the most equitable for banks? The various business organizations and banks are seeking tremendous challenges due globalization and its emerging competitive trends. Cost allocation in banks is also one of these competitive challenges in the USA market. Now banks are also revising its polices one after another for an effective marketing strategy
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deluxe model. The following activity and cost information has been compiled: Number of Number of Number of Product Setups Components Direct Labor Hours Standard 3 30 650 Deluxe 7 50 150 Overhead costs $20‚000 $60‚000 Assume a traditional costing system applies the $80‚000 of overhead costs based on direct labor hours. a. What is the total amount of overhead costs assigned to the standard model? b. What is the total amount of overhead costs assigned to the deluxe model? Assume an
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