1 International Baccalaureate History of the Americas HL Required Summer Reading Study Guide Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America By John Charles Chasteen Foreign Affairs November/December 2000 states: Born in Blood and Fire is a briskly written yet sophisticated introduction to Latin America that will be greatly welcomed by non-specialists and experts alike. Chasteen paints on a very broad canvas‚ but he succeeds in capturing with enviable conciseness the major ingredients
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Before Columbus‚ Scandinavian sailors and European powers‚ including Spain and Portugal‚ conducted early colonization and expeditions in the Americas. Vikings arrived around 1000 AD but couldn’t establish permanent colonies due to hostile environments. The Crusades restored trade and knowledge between Europe and Asia‚ paving the way for the Renaissance and Europe’s growth. European countries‚ like Spain and Portugal‚ sought new trade routes to Asia for economic and religious reasons. Portugal under
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I. Chapter 17: The diversity of American colonial societies 1530-1770 18th century Choctow leader red shoes befriended French in Mississippi valley(traded deerskins for guns)became rich but English cut off French shipping so he made an alliance with the English so was murdered by French resulted in 1747 civil war of the Choctow and killed colonist and Chocktows 1.Wars‚epidemics‚and territorial loss but also adapted technology and politics but in the end were dominated 2.political and economic
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Miguel Barnet’s Biography of a Runaway Slave: Testimonial Literature as History Few documentary sources exist from the Caribbean islands and the Latin American mainland written by Africans or their descendants that describe their life under enslavement. In Brazil‚ two mulatto abolitionists wrote sketchy descriptions of their personal experiences‚ and one autobiography of a black man was published before emancipation. In contrast‚ several thousand slave narratives and eight full-length autobiographies
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2 Brazil: From Colony to Democracy Part I: Discovery and Development C overing 3‚286‚488 square miles—a landmass nearly as large as the United States—Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. In 2000‚ Brazil celebrated its five-hundredth birthday. The arrival of the Portuguese in Brazil on April 22‚ 1500 began a new chapter—both tragic and vibrant—of the country’s history. By 1532‚ the Portuguese had established their first permanent settlement‚ and by 1550‚ the Portuguese
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critical currents Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Occasional Paper Series Carbon Trading How it works and why it fails no.7 November 2009 critical currents no.7 November 2009 Carbon Trading How it works and why it fails Tamra Gilbertson and Oscar Reyes Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Uppsala 2009 The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation pays tribute to the memory of the second Secretary General of the UN by searching for and examining workable alternatives for a socially and economically
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