AI FOR COGNINITIVE RADIO Abstract: Cognitive radio (CR) is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities such as spectrum access‚ spectrum sensing‚ spectrum decision‚ spectrum sharing and self organizing networks. This paper reviews several AI techniques used in cognitive radios such as : artificial neural network (ANN)‚ hidden Markov models (HMMs)‚ metahueristic algorithms‚ these techniques are proposed to provide the cognition capability in a cognitive engine. The modern
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Guess Paper – 2013 Class – IX Subject – ENGLISH LANGUAGE ___________________________________________________________________________ • Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. • You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. • This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. • The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. • Attempt all four questions. • The intended marks for questions or parts of
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Radio channels’ contribution to the nation’s media landscape “The unequal economic and political powers of countries‚ industries‚ and corporations cause some cultures to spread‚ others to wither” (UNDP‚ 2004‚ 90). According to some analysts (Steven‚ 2004)‚ the dominant media players control media‚ control public opinion‚ exploit propaganda techniques to set political agendas and can shape the opinions of the masses. The term‚ media domination‚ refers to the prevailing trend for global
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Sheena Mariah P. Catacutan ABMA 136 RESEARCH NO.2 1800’s-1950 A BRIEF HISTORY OF EARLY RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION • WIRELESS RADIO - Developed during the 1800’s – allowed users to send Morse code. • GUGLIELMO MARCONI (ITALIAN – 1874-1937) - Developed technology to send the first longdistance wireless radiotelegraphs. 1897 – started the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company. 1899 – transmitted a message across the English Channel. 1901 – transmitted a message across the Atlantic Ocean
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PATTERNS OF RADIO UTILIZATION AMONGS STUDENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF JOS; A COMPATARIVE STUDY OF F.M AND A.M BAND INTRODUCTION Radio has been a general means communication since the early days of 21st century in the United States of America. Radio first began in 1335 by the ……. Both the F.M and the A.M entertain‚ informs and educate at different level. But to what level now? Radio has been used in different ways for different purposes by different people due to its
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happened in RadioShack in the years2004-2006. As a group of consultants we aim to identify problems facing the company. Along with this we will provide solutions and recommendations to these problems based on our assessment. Introduction: Radio Shack is a consumer electronics goods and services retailer that operates about 4400 stores across the United States‚ Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Additionally‚ the company also operates about 800 non-branded kiosks (small booths) from
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describing Cellular Radio‚ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) and Satellite Communications we must first have a general understanding of the meaning of these forms of Telecommunications. After a brief explanation of the different forms‚ they will be described in more detail. Then the present and future roles in Irish Telecommunications will be looked at and some examples given. This will then lead to the conclusion. 1. What is Cellular Radio? Cellular Radio is the use of Technology
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This questionnaire is designed by students of TAPMI to present a research paper on “Study of factors that are essential for a successful radio ”. Your participation will aid us in determining what people in Manipal think about an FM radio. The information shared by you with us will be strictly confidential and anonymity shall be maintained. Your responses are very important to us. 1. What do you like doing during your leisure time? | Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Very Often | Watch Movies |
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FM Radio Reception? Background Information Communications are carried by waves. One type of communication is AM and FM radio. AM and FM radio’s use radio waves. A radio wave is an electromagnetic wave propagated by an antenna at various frequencies. In AM (amplitude modulated) radio waves‚ the audio signal changes the amplitude of the carrier wave. In FM (frequency modulated) radio waves‚ the audio signal changes the frequency of the carrier wave. Australia’s broadcast bandwidth for AM radio is 500-1500
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some of the other hypothesis rejected the results. Some hypothesis which supported the results were that the there would be about one‚ two‚ or three channels in the radio‚ the bobby pin could not replace the germanium diode‚ and that the crystal radio ware efficient as a normal store bought radio. On experiment two the crystal radio had like 3 stations. The sound was very clear and loud. Also‚ the bobby pin method did not work. There were lots of hypothesis that did not support the results. Some
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