along with oxygen. Emission of substances that contaminate air results to pollution. Air pollution is both natural and human-based. Natural air pollution is caused by phenomenon such as volcanic eruption‚ wind erosion‚ decomposition and radioactive materials. Writing essay can only do as much in explaining each cause. Volcanic eruptions send sulfur dioxide‚ tons of ash‚ and soot into the air which mixes with water vapor to form acid rain. Dirt particles can also be carried to the
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Attack Anthony H. Cordesman Radiological weapons are generally felt to be suitable largely for terror‚ political‚ and area denial purposes‚ rather than mass killings. Unlike nuclear weapons‚ they spread radioactive material contaminating personnel‚ equipment‚ facilities‚ and terrain. The radioactive material acts as a toxic chemical to which exposure eventually proves harmful or fatal. Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space. Light‚ heat‚
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2020’s will use all the energy in Uranium or the more abundant Thorium. Nuclear reactors produce vast amounts of radioactive waste including large amounts of very long lived radioactive atoms. These radioactive particles are a product of the splitting of the atom. We are constantly exposed to low-level radioactivity from cosmic rays from outer space and naturally occurring radioactive isotopes which in general do not cause any harm. However at high levels of exposure there are numerous biological
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Radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are isotopes which are atoms of the same element that are chemically identical but vary in the number of neutrons they contain. Radioactive isotopes can participate in reactions just like non radioactive elements. Autoradiography is a technique used to trace the movements of certain substances around plants. An example of this is carbon 14. Carbon 14‚ a radioactive isotope‚is added to the carbon dioxide supply of the plant‚ to study the movement of products
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remained the same since they were formed. However‚ some nuclei are unstable and spontaneously release energy in the form of a Helium nucleus (α Alpha)‚an electron (β Beta) and γ Gamma rays. These nuclei are known as radioactive and it’s not possible to predict when a particular radioactive nucleus will emit this energy but a large number of materials are said to have a ‘half life’. The half life is the time it takes for half the nuclei to emit their radiation. 1. Describe and compare the nature
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I. Tracers • Tracers are used to obtain images of a patients inner body- images of places that would otherwise be inaccessible • The tracer is a very small amount of a radioactive isotope with a short half-life; These two factors are necessary in the selection of a good tracer because they ensure that the radioactive material does not stay in the body for too long; some common tracers are listed below: Iodine 1 ( half-life of 31 8.1 days‚ used for diagnoses of thyroid problems) Iron
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Radioactivity computer research: Instructions and Questions [Note: Links to Bitesize websites may direct you to a ‘home’ page for Radiation and the Universe- click ‘Activity’ for Radioactive Substances and scroll through until you find the appropriate page] 1) Go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/radiation/radiocativerev1.shtml . What is an isotope? How many isotopes of hydrogen are there? An isotope is an atoms which are from the same element but have different numbers
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ground for the next 20-30 years. Fracking involves the use of radioactive materials‚ explosives‚ and hazardous chemicals. I believe that‚ as Fracking becomes more popular‚ and less scrutinized‚ the watch over it will become less strict‚ and these materials will leak into groundwater‚ or into our rivers and lakes. The process of Oil Fracking uses a water sand mix to open these fissures and hold them open‚ but in this water‚ radioactive tracers are inserted for the oil companies to trace the fissures
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irradiation‚ you need two things a source or radiant energy and a way to confine the energy. (1) The source for gamma radiation can either be the radioactive form of the element cobalt‚ which would be Cobalt 60‚ and the element cesium‚ and that would be Cesium 137. These substances do not give off neutron which means that they don’t make anything around them radioactive. When not in use‚ this source is kept in a pool of water which completely absorbs the radiation. To irradiate the food‚ the source is pulled
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Use of Fluorine 18 in Nuclear Medicine Fluorine 18 is a positron emitter with a half life of 109.77 minutes. It is used in PET scans. Decay mode: 9F18 ( 8O18 + +1e0 (1.656 MeV). Oxygen 18 is stable. The positron travels only a few millimetres in the human body before it meets an electron‚ when both are annihilated producing two gamma ray photons. The energy of each gamma ray photon is 511 MeV‚ the rest mass of the electron‚ so presumably the positron looses some energy prior to annihilation
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