elements after astatine. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine‚ radium and radon. As an alkali metal‚ it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature‚ rather than being man made. Outside the laboratory‚ francium is very rare‚ with trace amounts found in uranium and thorium ores‚ where the isotope francium-223 continually forms and decays.
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configuration of Vanadium is 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d3 4s2. Vanadium also forms different isotopes. Natural Vanadium is a mixture of the two stable isotopes‚ Vanadium-50 (0.24%) and Vanadium-51 (99.76%). Vanadium-50 is somewhat radioactive‚ with a half life exceeding 3.9 x 1017 years. Vanadium has other radioactive isotopes‚ but they have half-lives shorter than an hour. They range from Vanadium-40 to Vanadium-65‚ and none of these isotopes are found in nature. There are also different ions of Vanadium that normally
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1. One medical use of radioactivity is the treatment of cancer. Yes‚ radiation therapy is utilized for treatment of many types of cancers. Radiotherapy: a method to destroy cancer cells by irradiation with radioactive isotopes or X-rays. a. Explain briefly how radioactivity can cure some types of cancer. beta particles can cure skin cancer but not inside the body The main scooby dooby on this is that the biological damage done to some kinds of cells by exposure
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WATER AS OUR NATURAL RESOURSE There are more than 326 million trillion gallons of water on Earth. Less than 3 % of all this water is fresh water and of that amount‚ more than two-thirds is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. With so much water around it seems like there is enough to see us through for millions of years. But did you know that even water‚ which seems to be in abundance‚ might one day become scarce? Each time you throw something as garbage‚ think of where it will finally end up. Whether
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Identification and Production of Materials ================================ Ethene‚ Polymers and Ethanol ================================ Catalytic Cracking Oil refineries need to balance their outputs of various products (petrol‚ diesel‚ fuel oil‚ etc.) to match the demands of the marketplace. Catalytic cracking is the process in which high molecular weight (high boiling point) fractions from crude oil are broken into lower molecular weight (lower boiling point) substances in order to increase
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Both of these isotopes emit high energy beta particles which can blacken x-ray film. Sulfur-35 is most commonly used as it emits lower energy ‚ less dangerous beta particles than phosphorus-3. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is then used to seperate and analyse the
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These two experiments led to the discovery of radioactivity. Radioactive decay is the transformation of an unstable atomic nucleus into a lighter one where radiation is released in the form of alpha particles‚ beta particles and gamma rays‚ which are the three types of radiation. Gamma rays are the most dangerous because
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THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE (Review 1-7) I. Basic Chemistry A. Elements 1. Definition- an element is a substance composed of a single type of atom 2. Major elements of the human body 3. Trace elements of the body B. Atoms 1. Definition- the atom is the smallest part of an element which cannot be broken down further by ordinary chemical means. Atoms are composed of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 2. Particles that make up atoms
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mass number minus atomic number. The isotopes are similar because they have the same number of electrons which determines the properties of an element. They are different because they have a different number of neutrons. 7. Explain how two isotopes of an element are similar. Explain how they are different. * Two atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons are isotopes. Neutrons are the neutral particles found in atoms. The isotopes have the same number of electrons which
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thirty six in the periodic table it is in group eighteen period four. It is a part of the noble gas series. Its atomic number is thirty six and its atomic mass is eighty three point seven nine eight. It has forty eight neutrons in its most sufficient isotope that are in four different electron shells. It was discovered by Chemist Sir William Ramsay and Morris Travers in the year eighteen ninety eight. It was found in London when Sir William Ramsay made a statement that there had to be more elements because
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