joined together. * Addition – mers joined without the loss of atoms (presence of unsaturated carbons). * Condensation – mers joined through the loss of atoms from the functional groups of each monomer. Radioactive isotopes: * Everything with an atomic number over 82 is radioactive. * Unstable nuclei; too many neutrons:protons‚ large nuclei * Cobalt 60 formed by neutron bombardment. Detection: * Photographic film – exposes film * Geiger counter – alpha particles ionize
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Nuclear Advancements After the Manhattan Project When the first atomic bomb was detonated in Alamogordo New Mexico on June 16‚ 1945‚ all the scientists involved in the Manhattan Project understood the great destructive power of radio-active isotopes. Although the atomic bomb was a very destructive force our world would not be as good without it. Because of the government funding involved in the project coupled with the need for an atom bomb‚ much research that otherwise may not have occurred
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The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties‚ and culminates with the publication of the first actual periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869.[1] While Mendeleev built upon earlier discoveries by such scientists as Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier and Stanislao Cannizzaro‚ the Russian scientist is generally given sole credit for development of the actualperiodic table itself. The table itself is a visual representation of the periodic
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[Beta/Alpha radiation therapy (I131‚ Y-90)]‚ [Applications (Cancer/Oncology‚ Cardiac)] & Stable Isotopes (Deuterium‚ C-13) - Global Trends & Forecast to 2017 On 13rd June 2014 The report focuses on "Nuclear Medicine Market and Radiopharmaceuticals [SPECT/PET Radioisotopes (Technetium‚ F-18)]‚ [Beta/Alpha radiation therapy (I131‚ Y-90)]‚ [Applications (Cancer/Oncology‚ Cardiac)] & Stable Isotopes (Deuterium‚ C-13) - Global Trends & Forecast to 2017" The market of radiopharmaceuticals is dominated
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Lab Report Atomic Dating Using Isotopes Answer the following questions about the results of this activity. Record your answers in the boxes. Send your completed lab report to your instructor. Don’t forget to save your lab report to your computer! Reference: Isotope Half-Life Chart Isotope Product Half Life Carbon-14 Nitrogen-14 5730 years Potassium - 40 Argon - 40 1‚280 million years Rubidium - 87 Strontium -8 7 48‚800 million years Thorium - 232 Lead – 208 14‚010 million
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Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier June 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL Science B Unit Physics P1 PHY1H Physics Unit Physics P1 Friday 17 June 2011 1.30 pm to 2.15 pm H For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator. Time allowed 45 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in
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The Arrangement of Electrons in the Atom An energy level is defined as the fixed energy value that an electron in an atom may have. Bohr’s Theory 1. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbitals 2. The electrons in an orbit have a fixed energy Note: Orbitals are also known as energy levels 3. As long as an electron is not in any one particular energy level‚ it neither gains or loses energy 4. When an atom absorbs energy it jumps to a higher energy level Note: They do not remain
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Isotopes and average atomic mass Isotope: element variations with different atomic mass but same atomic number Isotopic Abundance: the relative amount in which each isotope of an element Calculating: given 2 isotopes of an element [B: 10.01u] [B: 11.01u] 1) Given average atomic mass: 10.81u If given percentages‚ you can find average atomic mass by adding each portion 2) Set variables for unknown values Let x represent % abundance for 10/5 B Let 1-x represent % abundance for 11/5 B Calculate:
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Elements with longer half-life’s are used to find the age of even older objects like the earth. One question that was asked in this lab was‚ “All isotopes of radon (a harmful environmental problem) have half-lives shorter than four days‚ yet radon is still found in nature. Explain why all of the radon has not already decayed.” This is because as other larger elements decay they can change in to other
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unstable form. The unstable atoms are moved toward attaining stability much like an unstable car on top of a hill rolls to the bottom to become more stable. The process of going from an unstable to a more stable form is the process that is called radioactive
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